HoUinger Corp. 
pH 8.5 



f I 



AN OFFICIAL GUIDE TO 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 




B' 175* 1 


omSl 


H lfi^3 1 


PKESsTff 




■■ ^- - ^ w* 



NEW YORK 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 
Lemcke and Buechner, Agents 

I912 



^^^ 

^ 






Copyright, 1912 

BY 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 
Set up and electrotyped. Published, June, 1912 

All rights reserved 



Ube Itniclterboclier iprefs, View locK 

€CI.A319034 



m 



JUL 10 1912 



« 



fvi 






f- 



INTRODUCTION 



This little book has been prepared by members of the 
: 'University. It is their wish to put into the hands of the 
^ new-comer and of the passer-by some account of the build- 
ings, collections, memorials, and art treasures of Colum- 
bia in order that these may be intelligently visited and 
usefully studied. 

A university with a long record of distinguished scholar- 
ship and service such as Columbia enjoys has accumu- 
lated much and many things that are easily overlooked 
or forgotten unless attention is called to them. These 
accumulations, these memorials, these evidences of lives 
of service and of devotion constitute one of the chief 
glories of any university. 

It is hoped that this volume will make a visit to 
Coltimbia both interesting and profitable, and that it will 
serve to guide not on'y the feet but the hearts of many 
who come to Columbia as students. 



Nicholas Murray Butler 



Commencement Day 
June 5, igi2 



111 



The Editorial Committee having in charge this publi- 
cation have endeavored, with much assistance which 
they gratefully acknowledge, to make it as complete 
as possible, but the activities of the University are so 
manifold and its buildings so numerous that errors and 
omissions will doubtless be discovered. In order that 
later editions may be rendered more nearly perfect it 
is therefore requested that suggestions and corrections 
be sent to the Secretary of the University. 

Brander Matthews, Chairman 
John B. Pine 
Frederick P. Keppel 
Frederick A. Goetze 
Rudolf Tombo, Jr. 
Frank D. Fackenthal 



IV 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Introduction .... 

Historical Sketch of the University 

University Statistics 

The Quadrangle .... 

South Field ..... 

East Field ..... 

Student and Alumni Organizations 

Barnard College .... 

Teachers College 

College of Physicians and Surgeons 

College of Pharmacy . 

Camp Columbia .... 

Directory of Administrative Officers 

Directory of Fraternities . 



PAGE 

iii 

I 

II 

14 
60 

71 

73 

82 

90 

104 

120 

123 

126 

129 



A university is a place of concourse, whither students come 
from every quarter for every kind of knowledge. You cannot 
have the best of every kind everywhere; you must go to some 
great city or emporium for it. There you have all the 
choicest productions of nature and art all together, which 
you find each in its own separate place elsewhere. All the 
riches of the land and of the world are carried up thither; 
there are the best markets, and there the best workmen. It 
is the center of trade, the supreme court of fashion, the um- 
pire of rival skill, and the standard of things rare and pre- 
cious. It is the place for seeing galleries of first-rate pictures. 
It is the place for great preachers, great orators, great nobles, 
great statesmen. In the nature of things greatness and 
unity go together. . . . A university so placed is one in 
which the intellect may safely range and speculate, sure to 
find its equal in some antagonist activity, and its judge in 
the tribunal of truth. It is a place where inquiry is pushed 
forward, and discoveries verified and perfected, and rashness 
rendered innocuous, and error exposed by the collision of 
mind with mind, and hiowledge with knowledge. It is a 
place which attracts the affections of the young by its fame, 
wins the judgment of the middle-aged by its beauty, and rivets 
the memory of the old by its associations. It is a seat of 
wisdom, a light of the world, a minister of the faith, an 
alma mater of the rising generation. — '' The Office and Work 
of Universities.'' — John Henry Newman. 



VI 



COLUMBIA ALUMNI NEWS ; published weekly 
during the college year, and monthly in July 
and August, by the Alumni Council. The 
News is the organ of the Alumni and contains full 
accounts of alumni and University matters and dis- 
cussions of questions affecting the University ; also 
correspondence and personal items. 

Subscriptions $2.00 a year for members of Alumni 
Associations ; -and $3.00 for non-members and foreign 
subscribers. 

All communications should be addressed to 

COLUMBIA ALUMNI NEWS 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK CITY 



Vll 



COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY ; issuod 
by The Columbia University Press, with the 
approval of the Trustees of the University, and 
addressed to the alumni, officers, and friends of 
Columbia. 

The magazine aims to represent all the varied interests 
of the University. It publishes historical and biograph- 
ical articles of interest to Columbia men; shows the 
development of the institution in every direction ; records 
all official action; describes the work of teachers and 
students in the various departments; reports the more 
important incidents of undergraduate activity; and 
furnishes an opportunity for the presentation and dis- 
cussion of University problems. 

The Quarterly is issued in December, March, June, 
and September, each volume beginning with the Decem- 
ber number. Annual subscription, $i .00 ; single number, 
30 cents. 

All communications should be addressed to the 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. NEW YORK CITY 



A HISTORY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 
i754-i904> published by The Columbia Uni_ 
VERsiTY Press in Commemoration of the One 
Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of 
King's College. Cloth. 8vo. pp. xiii + 493. Pro- 
fusely illustrated. Price, $2.50 net. 

This volume, written by representatives of the various 
schools and colleges which make up the University, 
gives an interesting and complete account of the origin 
and growth of the institution. It traces the history of 
Columbia from the time of its founding in 1754 as 
King's College, through its reorganization after the 
Revolution as Columbia College, its removal from Park 
Place to 49th Street and Madison Avenue, and its final 
establishment on Morningside Heights. The book 
contains many illustrations of former and present sites 
and buildings, and portraits of presidents and trustees. 

On sale at the 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE 

WEST HALL 




COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 

HISTORICAL SKETCH 

The inscription carved on the front of the Library, 
which is the center of the Hfe of Columbia, epitomizes 
the aims and the history of the University, in these words : 

KINGS COLLEGE 

FOUNDED IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK BY 
ROYAL CHARTER IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II 
PERPETUATED AS COLUMBIA COLLEGE BY THE 
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WHEN 
THEY BECAME FREE AND INDEPENDENT MAIN- 
TAINED AND CHERISHED FROM GENERATION TO 
GENERATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE 
PUBLIC GOOD AND THE GLORY OF ALMIGHTY GOD 
MDCCCXCVI 

On October 31, 1754, Letters Patent were issued in- 
corporating THE GOVERNORS OF THE COLLEGE OF THE 
PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

IN AMERICA, and providing for the estabhshment of a 
college to be known as King's College, "for the Instruc- 



2 THE UNIVERSITY 

tion and Education of Youth in the Learned Languages 
and in the Liberal Arts and Sciences." The Charter 
named as Governors twenty-four gentlemen of the 
Province, certain officials of the provincial govern- 
ment, and representatives of five different religious 
denominations. 

The Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson, who was chosen as the 
first president, had been sought in a similar capacity 
by the College of Philadelphia, and was recognized as 
one of the most prominent scholars of his time. He had 
published one of the earliest and most important works 
on philosophy and education which had appeared in this 
country, and had received the degree of S.T.D. from 
Oxford. His breadth of view and remarkable foresight 
are indicated by his announcement of the aims of the 
new college, which reads, in part, as follows; 

A serious, virtuous, and industrious Course of Life 
being first provided for, it is further the Design of this 
College, to instruct and perfect the Youth in the Learned 
Languages, and in the Arts of Reasoning exactly, of 
Writing correctly, and Speaking eloquently: And in the 
Arts of Numbering and Measuring, of Surveying and 
Navigation, of Geography and History, of Husbandry, 
Commerce, and Government; and in the Knowledge of 
all Nature in the Heavens above us, and in the Air, 
Water, and Earth around us, and the various kinds of 
Meteors, Stones, Mines, and Minerals, Plants and Animals 
and of every Thing useful for the Comfort, the Conven- 
ience, and Elegance of Life, in the chief Manufactures 
relating to any of these things; And finally, to lead them 
from the Study of Nature, to the Knowledge of them- 
selves, and of the God of Nature and their duty to Him, 
themselves and one another ; and everything that can con- 
tribute to their true Happiness both here and hereafter. 




1 



ALEXANDER HAMILTON 

OF THE CLASS OF 1777 



THE UNIVERSITY 3 

Upon his appointment Dr. Johnson began giving in- 
struction to the first class, consisting of eight students, 
using a room in the school house of Trinity Church. 
The first Commencement, at which seven degrees were 
conferred, was held in St. George's Chapel on June 21, 
1758. In 1760, the first college building was so far com- 
pleted that the officers and students "began to lodge and 
diet in it." This building, which was to house the 
College for nearly a century, stood near the corner now 
formed by Park Place and Church Street, on what was 
then known as the "King's Farm" in the outskirts of 
the city. Dr. Francis in his address on ' Old New York ' 
describes the College as "justly proud of her healthy and 
beautiful locality, laved almost up to the borders of her 
foundations by the flowing streams of the Hudson." 

In 1 763 , Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency 
by Myles Cooper, a graduate of Queen's College, Oxford, 
a man of much cultivation, thoroughly imbued with 
Oxford ideals which he endeavored to implant in the 
colonial college. The student life of this period has 
been picturesquely described by John Parke Custis, 
the stepson of General Washington, who was himself a 
student under President Cooper. In the political con- 
troversies which preceded the Revolution, President 
Cooper was an ardent Tory. His chief opponent in 
discussion was an undergraduate of King's College, 
Alexander Hamilton (of the Class of 1777); but when a 
mob came to the College, bent on doing violence to the 
president, Hamilton held their attention by a speech 
which gave the president time to escape. The next 
year the Revolutionary War broke out, and the College 
was turned into a miht ary hospital and barracks . Among 



4 THE UNIVERSITY 

the former students and graduates who distinguished 
themselves during the war were Hamihon, Gouverneur 
Morris, John Jay, Robert R. Livingston, Egbert Benson, 
and Robert Troup. 

Dean Van Amringe, in his chapter on the 'Alumni of 
King's College,' remarks that "it was the great good 
fortune and the glory of King's College, in its brief 
career of twenty-two years, during which it educated 
upwards of one hundred young men, to 'contribute 
through them, in a remarkable degree, to the welfare of 
the country." 

In 1784, by an Act passed at the first session of the 
Legislature of the State of New York, the name of King's 
College Vvas changed to Columbia, the word being then 
used for the first time ; and the College was placed under 
the control of the Regents of the University of the State 
of New York. This Act, however, was repealed in 1787, 
when an Act was passed confirming the Royal Charter 
of 1754, and vesting the property and franchises of 
King's College in "The Trustees of Columbia College 
in the City of New York." 

The first student to enter the College under its new 
name was DeWitt Chnton; and eight students were 
graduated at the Commencement held in 1786, which 
was attended by the Continental Congress. 

In 1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of the first 
president, and himself distinguished as a delegate to the 
convention which framed the Constitution of the United 
States, and also as a United States Senator, became the 
third president. At this time there were six professors, 
three in the Faculty of Arts and three in Medicine, and 
thirty-nine students. The funds of the College had been 



THE UNIVERSITY 5 

greatly depleted by the Revolution, its income reduced 
to £1331, the library and scientific equipment almost 
entirely lost or destroyed; and the college hall was in a 
ruinous condition. With the aid of several small sub- 
sidies from the State and a few gifts from individuals, 
the new president and trustees undertook the reestablish- 
ment of the College by planning a comprehensive course 
of instruction and appointing several professors. A 
medical school, the first in this country to confer the 
degree of Doctor of Medicine, had been established in 
1767; and James Kent, afterwards Chancellor, was ap- 
pointed professor of law in 1793 — this being the first 
instruction in law given by any American college. 

On the resignation of President Johnson, in 1801, the 
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Wharton was elected president, but 
his term of office was very brief, and he was succeeded 
in the same year by the Rev. Benjamin Moore (of the 
Class of 1768), who subsequently became Bishop of New 
York. 

In 1 811 , the Rev. Dr. William Harris became the sixth 
president, with the Rev. Dr. John M. Mason (of the Class 
of 1789) as provost. 

In 1830, Judge WilHam A. Duer became the seventh 
president; followed, in 1842, by Professor Nathaniel 
F. Moore (of the Class of 1802), who held the office 
for seven years. At the time of President Duer's 
resignation, there were one hundred and four students 
in the College. During the period from 1785 to 1849 
the life of the College was a continuous struggle for 
existence, owing to inadequate means and lack of general 
support ; but by persistent efforts educational standards 
were raised; the program of studies was greatly enlarged, 



6 THE UNIVERSITY 

and the presence of a number of eminent scholars gave 
distinction to its faculty. 

A new era began with the election as president of 
Charles King, who had been educated abroad, while 
his father, the Hon. Rufus King, was Minister to Eng- 
land, and who had been engaged in business and 
literary pursuits. He took office in 1849 under more 
favorable conditions than any of his predecessors, as 
at this time the "Botanical Garden," granted by the 
State to the College in 18 14, and comprising the land 
between 47th and 51st Streets (which extended from 
Fifth Avenue nearly to Sixth Avenue, and which, as 
stated at the time of the grant "would not, upon a 
sale, bring more than six or seven thousand dollars" ), 
began to be productive. From this time forward this 
property, which had heretofore been only a drain upon 
the meager resources of the College, became its principal 
source of income, and gradually made it possible to carry 
into effect the long projected plan for the educational 
development of the College. During President King's 
administration the College removed from its first site, 
where it had been for a century, to the block between 
Madison and Park Avenues, 49th and 50th Streets. 
The corner-stone of the old building was disinterred and 
carried to 49th Street (whence it was transferred to 
Morningside Heights when the University removed to 
its present site) . The removal to 49th Street took place 
in 1857, when the number of students in the College was 
only one hundred and fifty-four ; but the Trustees adopted 
a compr,ehensive plan for a " University Course of Study " 
which, though in advance of its time, has been amply 
realized in later years. As a part of this plan, the Trus- 



THE UNIVERSITY 7 

tees, in 1858, established a Law School (which occupied a 
building in Lafayette Place for many years, and was 
removed to 49th Street only in 1883); and other im- 
portant advances were made during President King's 
administration. 

On his resignation, in 1864, Dr. Frederick A. P. 
Barnard, formerly Chancellor of the University of Mis- 
sissippi, became the tenth president and brought to the 
College a varied and profound learning, a wide experience- 
in educational affairs, and an inspiring personality which 
have been largely instrumental in creating the present 
University. During his presidency a process of expan- 
sion began. In 1 863 , the School of Mines was established, 
the first to exist in the United States ; and in the course 
of years this has developed into a group of schools of 
applied science. In 1881, the School of Architecture 
was organized. In 1880, a School of Political Science was 
established, which was also the first of its kind in the 
United States; and as the earliest school in Columbia 
intended specifically for graduate students, it was the 
precursor of the present system of graduate instruction. 

After twenty-five years of distinguished service. Presi- 
dent Barnard died in 1889, leaving his estate to the Col- 
lege ; and in the following year Seth Low (of the Class of 
1870), who had become widely known as an advocate of 
municipal reform, was elected president. His first efforts 
were directed towards the coordination of existing forces 
and towards increasing their efficiency. A School of 
Philosophy was established in 1 890 to take charge of the 
graduate work in philosophy and the ancient and modern 
languages and literatures. In 1892, a corresponding 
School of Pure Science was established; and in order to 



8 THE UNIVERSITY 

bring all parts of the College into harmonious and effec- 
tive relations, a University Council was created, composed 
of delegates from all the various schools and charged with 
the interests of the institution as a whole, which then 
assumed the title "Columbia University." 

The original College, which had for many years been 
called the School of Arts, was given a securer footing by 
receiving the name Columbia College and by being put 
under the supervision of a Dean (first Henry Drisler, of 
the Class of 1839, and then John Howard Van Amringe, 
of the Class of i860) ; and a corresponding undergraduate 
college for women, founded in 1889 and named after Presi- 
dent Barnard, with its own board of trustees, became a 
part of the educational system of the University. In the 
same year, 1889, a college for the training of teachers had 
been established, which subsequently adopted the name of 
Teachers College. This corporation also had its own trus- 
tees and, in 1898, it also became by agreement a part of 
the educational system of the University. In 1891, the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, incorporated in 
1807, and occupying extensive buildings at 59th Street 
and Tenth Avenue (including the Sloane Hospital for 
Women and the Vanderbilt Clinic), was consolidated 
with the University and became its School of Medicine. 

With the process of expansion begun under Dr. 
Barnard and continued under President Low, the site 
on 49th Street became insufficient for the immediate 
needs of the University and wholly inadequate for its 
future. expansion, and, in 1897, ^^e University removed 
to its third site on Momingside Heights, where, in 1776, 
the Battle of Harlem Heights was fought. The original 
area, which comprised the four blocks between Broadway 



THE UNIVERSITY 9 

and Amsterdam Avenue, ii6th and 120th Streets, was 
enlarged in 1905, by the addition of the two blocks 
between 1 14th and 1 1 6th Streets ; and in 191 o the Trustees 
purchased half of the block to the east on 11 6th Street. 
In 1897, Barnard College had acquired land immediately 
west of the University; and Teachers College was about 
the same time transferred to the block on the north. 
The development of the new site was made the subject 
of careful and protracted study, a general plan was 
adopted, and the unexampled generosity of its alumni 
and friends has already provided the University with a 
large and imposing group of buildings, although the 
immediate needs of the University are not yet satisfied. 
A model of the present buildings and of those which are 
projected may be seen in the basement of Kent Hall. 
In 1900, the University established its Summer Session, 
which has become one of the most largely attended in the 
United States. 

On the resignation of Mr. Low, Nicholas Murray 
Butler (of the Class of 1882), then Dean of the Faculty 
of Philosophy, became the twelfth president, and was 
installed on April 19, 1901. In 1904, the University 
fitly celebrated the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
of the founding of King's College. In the same year 
the College of Pharmacy, owning the building 11 5-1 19 
West 68th Street, was affiliated, and, in 19 12, the School 
of Journalism was established. 

The standard of admission to the various professional 
schools has been raised by successive increases in the 
requirements; and the earlier years of the College have 
become prerequisites for professional study. Relations 
with foreign universities have been brought about and 



10 THE UNIVERSITY 

Columbia now sends professors to Germany every year 
to lecture on American themes, and receives from abroad 
professors from German, French, and other foreign in- 
stitutions. It has formed alliances with the Union and 
the General Theological Seminaries in New York City 
and the Drew Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, 
N. J., with the American Museum of Natural History 
and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with the Botanical 
Garden, and with the Zoological Garden. A wide variety 
of courses in Extension Teaching is provided for students 
unable to pursue a college training. Annual courses of lec- 
tures are delivered by officers of the University at Cooper 
Union and at the American Museum of Natural History. 
The services of the University to the city, the state, and 
the nation are widely recognized, and it has had a host 
of generous benefactors. Its assets now exceed fifty 
millions of dollars in grounds, buildings, and invested 
funds. It has a faculty of nearly eight hundred, 
and the total enrollment of its students is over eight 
thousand. 

Note. — For more detailed information reference is made to ' The 
History of Columbia University, 1754- 1904,' published in com- 
memoration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the 
founding of King's College, by the Columbia University Press. On 
sale at the University Book Store (West Hall). 



TEACHING STAFF 



Columbia Barnard Teachers Col. of 
University College College Pharmacy- 
Professors (not in- 
cluding four ad- (Excluding 
ministrative of!i- the Horace 
cers of professorial Mann School) 

rank) 177 29 20 

Associate Professors 19 4 3 

Assistant Professors 70 12 16 

Clinical Professors. . 16 — — 

Associates 43 i — 

Instructors 130 21 48 

Demonstrators 8 — — 

Curators i — — 

Lecturers and other 
special officers of 

instruction 42 i 7 

Assistants 65 10 14 

Clinical Assistants... 79 — — 

Total 650 78 108 

Administrative offi- 
cers 28 6 14 

Emeritus officers. . . 15 — — 

Total 693 84 122 



Total 



(Excluding 
Duplicates) 

8 177 

19 

3 70 

16 



17 

7 
2 

26 



43 

[78 
8 



50 
80 
79 



721 

31 
15 

767 



II 



REGISTRATION OF STUDENTS IN ALL FACULTIES 
DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR, 1911-1912 

FACULTIES 

Columbia College 820 

Barnard College 640 

Total undergraduates 1,460 

Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy, Pure Science 1)433 

Total non-professional graduate students i ,433 

Faculty of Applied Science 671 

Faculty of Law 417 

Faculty of Medicine 351 

Faculty of Pharmacy 287 

Teachers College 1 ,623 

F-Arts|Af.tgecture........................^^ :35 

Total professional students 3»504 

Deduct double registration ^24 

Net total 6,073 

Summer Session of 191 1 2,973 

Grand net total* 8,363 

Students in Extension Teaching 1 ,234 

Special students in Teachers College 1,869 

* Excluding Summer Session students who returned for work in the fall. 



12 



M 6 



(~0 0\ ■^ Tt 



So a 



>* 




H 








w 




P^ 




W 


S2 1, 


> 


o So 


iz; 


s;° 


1^ 


H ^ 


w 




w 




H 




tu 


T) OJ 


o 


S ff 


z 


ig 


o 


m ^ 






H 




l-H 




Q 




^ 




O 


aJ >> 


u 


11 


hJ 


^ > 


< 


"g 


u 




^ 




< 




^ 





o o 



5-S 



2^ 



9 o 



o 


O o 


o 


»o li 


q 


1 o 




S '^ 



-;;i ^ ° rt 

-^ .2 tJ 

IS S.1 

3 C '"' 

o < 



I I 



*^ feq, 



o iB 
^ o 



<^ 



^ o 



oj .^ -i:^ -iii 



« OT -- 






05 



o 
<u 

6 
o 
o 

O OJ w 






."ti OO' 



^ (i; fi^ ^ ^ ^ -§ 



g e 6 e 6 

6 o o o o 

8 fe fe (I< pL, 






13 



THE QUADRANGLE 

The general plan of the University buildings on Morn- 
ingside Heights comprises two groups, one of which oc- 
cupies the site on the northerly side of ii6th Street, 
extending to 120th Street, and the other, the site on the 
southerly side of 11 6th Street, extending to 114th Street, 
bounded on the east by Amsterdam Avenue and on the 
west by Broadway. The northerly group consists of the 
Library, which is the central feature of a series of build- 
ings forming a large quadrangle, and including (on the 
east) East Hall, Kent Hall, Philosophy Hall, St. Paul's 
Chapel, Avery Library, and Fayerweather ; (on the 
north) Schermerhorn, University Hall, and Havemeyer; 
and (on the west) Engineering, West Hall, Earl Hall, 
School of Mines, and Faculty Club. This enclosure will 
ultimately be divided into smaller quadrangles by build- 
ings occupying positions corresponding to that of the 
Avery Library, the first of the inner buildings to be 
erected. A Model of all the University buildings, now 
existing and as projecting (gift of F. Augustus Scher- 
merhorn, of the Class of 1 868) , can be seen in the basement 
of Kent Hall, which can be reached by taking the elevator 
on the left of the vestibule. The model is on a large 
scale (20 ft. x 35 ft.) and shows the buildings in detail 
as well as in their relations to each other. 

14 




ON THE QUADRANGLE 



SOUTH COURT 15 

The main approach to the group of buildings is through 
South Court (330 ft. X 123 ft.) on the north side of 
1 1 6th Street, which is enclosed on three sides by walls 
and stairs of granite leading up to the Quadrangle. The 
greater part of the court is paved in a decorative pattern 
of brick and Istrian marble, relieved by squares of turf 
and masses of shrubbery, among which the principal 
features are two ancient yew-trees, which were formerly 
in the Hosack Botanical Garden and were transplanted 
to this site about 1830, when it was still occupied by the 
New York Hospital. On the main east and west axis 
of the court stand two monumental fountains of pink 
Stony Creek granite, the gift of an anonymous alumnus. 
Each consists of a monolithic basin nine feet in diameter, 
borne upon a support which rises out of a sunken basin 
sixteen feet in diameter, filled from a central jet. In 
the pavement, directly in front of the stairs leading up 
to the Library, is inlaid in bronze letters the following 
inscription to the memory of the chief architect of the 
University buildings: 

CHARLES FOLLEN MCKIM MDCCCXLVII-MDCCCCIX. DE 
SUPER ARTIFICIS SPECTANT MONUMENTA PER ANNOS 

{The monuments of an artist look down upon us from 
round about throughout the ages) . 

A flight of low steps, which occupies the entire side 
of the court, is three hundred and thirty feet wide, the 
steps being constructed on a curve rising four inches in 
the center, after the example of Greek practice as seen 
in the stylobate of the Parthenon. In the center of the 
upper steps is a statue of Alma Mater in gilt bronze 
executed by Daniel C. French, the gift of the widow of 
the late Robert Goelet (of the Class of i860). The 



1 6 THE LIBRARY 

University is symbolized allegorically as a matronly 
figure in academic robes seated on a throne, holding a 
scepter in her right hand, and with an open book in her 
lap. An owl, the emblem of learning, is half concealed 
by the folds of the drapery at her feet, and on the back 
of the throne in low relief is the seal of the University. 

On each side of the terrace are granite balustrades and 
pedestals which form a parapet, surmounted by colossal 
granite vases. Two fiagstaffs, eighty feet high, set in 
ornate bronze vases, stand at the right and left. The 
western mast was presented in 1898 by the Lafayette 
Post of the Grand Army of the Republic ; it is capped by a 
gilded eagle and bears the national colors. The eastern 
staff was presented in 1906, by the Class of 1881 as its 
twenty-fifth anniversary gift ; it is capped with a gilded 
replica of the crown which originally served as a symbol 
of the royal charter of King's College (see p. 21), and 
bears the University flag, a white crown on a blue field. 

The central feature of the group of University buildings, 
as above stated, is The Library (erected, 1895-97. The 
gift of Seth Low, LL.D., of the Class of 1870. Architects : 
McKim, Mead & White). Its exterior is of Indiana 
limestone, in a classical style of architecture based on 
Roman precedents but with many suggestions of Greek 
refinement in its details. Its plan is that of an octagon 
with alternate long and short sides, from the former of 
which project four short arms or wings. The main 
structure is of two stories and attic above a high base- 
ment, the whole surmounted by an octagonal super- 
structure crowned with a dome. The basement is 
entered by doors in each of the four short or obliquQ sides. 



THE IJBRARY 17 

The main fagade displays a flight of twenty-six steps 
leading up to a massive colonnade of ten fluted Ionic 
columns thirty-five feet high, on white marble bases. 
The frieze bears the title the library of Columbia 
UNIVERSITY, between the dates 1754 and 1897, above 
the inscription which is quoted at length on page i. 
Above the roofs of the four wings rises the octagonal 
podium or base for the external dome, having in its four 
principal faces large semicircular clearstory windows 
lighting the reading-room within. The dome which sur- 
mounts this is a hemispherical self-supporting vault 
of masonry, ninety-seven feet in external diameter, sur- 
rounded at its base by three steps, after the model of 
the Pantheon at Rome, and covered with stone tiles, 
each carved into the semblance of a laurel leaf. Beneath 
the external dome is an inner dome of plaster on a steel 
frame forming the ceiling of the reading-room. 

The four basement entrances lead through vestibules 
into lobbies, from which staircases of stone rise to the 
floors above. The central part of the basement is oc- 
cupied by the stack room which extends down to the 
cellar level and has shelves for 80,000 volumes. The four 
wings of the basement are devoted to cloak rooms, service 
rooms for the Library, toilet rooms for men and women, 
the administrative offices of the Superintendent of 
Buildings and Grounds (Room no) and the University 
Post-Office (Room in), which is sub-station 84 of the 
New York Post-Office. In the Post-Office is the Uni- 
versity telephone exchange, which is connected with the 
city telephone system and with the University buildings. 
These offices (no and in) adjoin the southeast entrance, 
which is always open. 



1 8 THE LIBRARY 

The main floor is reached either by the four interior 
staircases already mentioned, or by the exterior flight 
(eighty-four feet wide) in front of the building. Upon 
the terminal parapets or abutments between which the 
twenty-six steps are set, stand two bronze torcheres, 
the gift of Samuel Sloan, in memory of William Simpson 
Sloan (of the Class of 1882) ; they are nine feet high, de- 
signed after the model of a famous candelabrum in the 
Vatican Museum. The main entrance hall measures 
thirty by thirty-three feet and extends through two 
stories, with a richly panelled ceiling from the center 
of which hangs a colossal gilt bronze lantern. Directly 
in front of the door is the following inscription in bronze 
letters let into the marble pavement : 

THIS BUILDING IS A MEMORIAL OF ABIEL ABBOT LOW, A 
CITIZEN OF BROOKLYN AND A MERCHANT OF NEW YORK: 
BORN IN SALEM, MASS., FEBRUARY VII, MDCCCXI : DIED 
IN BROOKLYN, N. Y., JANUARY VII, MDCCCXCIII. 

In the center of the vestibule stands a pedestal sur- 
mounted by a white marble bust of Pallas Athene, a copy 
of the head of the "Minerve du Collier" in the Louvre 
Museum; the gift of J. Ackerman Coles, M.D., LL.D. 
(of the Class of 1864). About its base is an octagonal 
decoration in the pavement, set with the twelve signs 
of the zodiac in bronze in very low relief, the alternate 
panels having each two signs ingeniously combined. 

On either side of the doorway against the wall are 
pedestals bearing finely executed bronze copies of antique 
busts: that on the right of the person entering is the 
Otricoli Zeus (erroneously inscribed as the work of 



THE LIBRARY 1 9 

Phidias); that on the left, the head of Plato so-called 
(really a bearded Dionysus) ; also the gift of Dr. Coles. 
Four handsome bronze torcheres, after an antique Roman 
model, are set in the corners of the hall. Two columns 
of green marble from Connemara (Ireland) separate the 
hall from the corridor beyond, which is reached by four 
steps of Istrian marble. A fine architectural vista is 
afforded between these columns and the inner row of col- 
umns up to the lofty blue dome of the Reading Room 
which occupies the entire central part of the building. 

On the left side of the vestibule a door gives access to 
the office of the Secretary of the University — the 
central office for information on all matters connected 
with the administration of the University. A private 
elevator ascends to the office of the President above. 
Upon the walls of the Secretary's office are a number of 
portraits: on the east wall, Abiel Abbot Low, by H. S. 
Todd; Hamilton Fish (of the Class of 1827), Secretary 
of State under President Grant and for thirty-four 
years chairman of the Trustees of the University, by 
Daniel Huntington; on the north wall, a portrait of the 
Due de Loubat, a benefactor of the Library, by 
Madrazo; on the south wall, a portrait of the Rev. John 
M. Mason, S.T.D. (of the Class of 1789), Provost of 
Columbia College, 1811-16. 

The corresponding door on the right or east side of the 
entrance hall admits to the Trustees' Room. Visitors 
desiring to be admitted to this room should apply to the 
Superintendent, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (except on 
Sundays and holidays) . This room serves for the meet- 
ings of the various faculties as well as for the meetings 
of the Trustees. It is wainscoted for its entire height in 



20 THE LIBRARY 

Irish bog oak with Ionic pilasters supporting a richly 
carved entablature, and is adorned with a plaster ceiling 
decorated in low relief with panels and rosettes. The 
room contains many objects of historic interest. The 
President's chair originally belonged to Benjamin Frank- 
lin; it is inscribed as follows: '' The Library chair of Dr, 
Benjamin Franklin bequeathed to Dr. David Hosack by the 
late Mrs. Catherine Bache Grand Daughter of Dr. Franklin 
and presented by Dr. Hosack to the Literary and Philos- 
ophical Society of New York, January, 1822. — Jacob 
Dyckman Rec. Sec.'' A fireplace in Caen stone is a con- 
spicuous feature of the room and is in fact a monument 
of King's College, as the institution was originally named. 
In it is set the corner-stone of the first building erected 
in 1756 for King's College, bearing the inscription: 

HUJUS COLLEGII, REGALIS DICTI, REGIO DIPLOMATE 
CONSTITUTI IN HONOREM DEI O. M. ATQ : IN ECCLESI^ 
REIQ: PUBLICO EMOLUMENTUM, PRIMUM HUNC LAPI- 
DEM POSUIT VIR PR^CELLENTISSIMUS, CAROLUS 
HARDY, EQUES AURATUS, HUJUS PROVINCI^ PR.E- 
FECTUS DIGNISSIMUS AUGTI. DIE 23° AN. DOM. 
MDCCLVI. 

{This first stone of this College called King's, established 
by royal charter to the honor of A Imighty God and for the 
advancement of Church and State, was laid by the Most 
Excellent Charles Hardy, Knight, the very worthy Governor 
of this Province, August 2j, Anno Domini 1756.) 

A paraphrase of this inscription appears on the corner- 
stone of Hamilton Hall, the present home of Columbia 
College (p. 62). 



THE LIBRARY 21 

In the central panel of the chimney-piece is a portrait 
of Samuel Johnson, S.T.D., first president of King's 
College 1754-63, probably by L. Kilbum, who presented 
it to the College about 1756. Above the chimney- 
piece is a copper crown which once surmounted the 
flagpole of King's College, as the visible symbol of the 
royal charter under which the College was established 
in 1754, iiow adopted as an emblem of the University 
and as such is represented 'on the University flag. On 
the shelf of the mantel may be seen a telescope, which 
formed a part of the scientific apparatus of King's Col- 
lege and was used by General Washington during the 
Revolution; also a fine bronze copy of Houdon's bust 
of Franklin, the gift of Dr. Coles (of the Class of 1864). 

A photograph of the Royal Charter granted to the 
"Governors of the College of the Province of New York 
in the City of New York in America," in the reign of 
George II (1754) for the founding of "King's College," 
may be seen under glass behind a sliding panel in the 
center of the wainscoting of the north end of the room. 
The original, engrossed on vellum in an easily legible 
round script, is one of the most valued historical 
possessions of the University. The other portraits in 
this room are the following: north wall (center), Myles 
Cooper, LL.D., second president of King's College, 
1763-75* by Copley; (left), WiUiam Samuel Johnson, 
LL.D., president, 1 787-1 800, copy by Waldo after 
Gilbert Stuart; south wall (left), Benjamin Moore, 
S.T.D., president, 1801-11; east wall (right), William 
Harris, S.T.D., president, 181 1-29; (left) William A. 
Duer, LL.D., president, 1829-42, by Inman; west wall, 
Nathaniel F. Moore, LL.D., president, 1842-49. The 



22 THE LIBRARY 

portraits of the other presidents may be seen in the 
Librarian's Room, and in Kent and Earl Halls. 

An ascent of four steps leads from the entrance hall to 
the south corridor. In the center of the floor is set the 
seal of the University in bronze. Upon the oaken wall 
formed by the backs of the bookcases are inscrip- 
tions commemorating early benefactors, and a series 
of early diplomas framed "under glass. To the right 
and left are two marble busts of Washington, attrib- 
uted to the American sculptors, Crawford and Green- 
ough, respectively, the gift of General J. Watts de 
Peyster. 

The corridor to the left passes through the southwest 
corner lobby, in which the rich pavement of colored 
Italian marbles is noticeable, as well as the four graceful 
bronze torcheres or candelabra, of Pompeiian design, in 
the corners. All the four lobbies are similarly adorned. 
The drinking fountain in this lobby was the gift of the 
late Edward A. Darling, superintendent of buildings and 
grounds of Columbia University (i 890-1 899), in mem- 
ory of his wife, Edith Pennington. Farther on is the 
west corridor, on which is the Loan Room, containing the 
loan desk and card catalogue. From this room a door 
on the left and an intervening office lead to the Librarian's 
Room. The corresponding door on the other side admits 
to the accessions department : on either side this door are 
busts: (i) MacchiavelH, (2) probably C^sar. In the 
librarian's room are several portraits, and an elaborately 
carved Chinese screen inlaid with mother-of-pearl pre- 
sented by Ching Yun Sen and his Chinese fellow-students 
in 1904. The portraits are of Christopher Columbus, of 




READING ROOM 



THE LIBRARY 23 

George Ogilvie (of the Class of 1774), and of Charles H. 
Wharton, LL.D., president of the College for a few 
months in 1801. 

The Library is open to students and officers of the 
University and to properly accredited readers not mem- 
bers of the University, every week-day except Labor 
Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas, New Year's Day, 
Good Friday, and Independence Day, from 8:30 a.m. 
to II P.M., except during July-September, when it closes 
at 10 P.M. 

Opposite the entrance to the loan room is the entrance 
to the General Reading Room. This room is an octa- 
gon, measuring seventy- three feet across, and covered by 
a dome seventy feet in diameter, which rises to a height 
of 105K feet, resting on pendentives springing from four 
massive stone piers at the corners. Between these piers 
on each of the four sides are four noble columns, twenty- 
nine feet high, of green granite from Ascutney, Vermont, 
highly polished and capped by Greek Ionic capitals of gilt 
bronze. Four large semicircular clearstory windows light 
the spacious interior, which accommodates one hundred 
and fifty-two readers at desks disposed in circles about 
a central case containing dictionaries and encyclopaedias. 
The clock over this case was the gift of the Class of 1874. 
In the fine carved oak bookcases surrounding the room 
are five thousand volumes for every- day reference. 

The sixteen columns above mentioned support four 
galleries under the clearstory windows, with stone para- 
pets or balustrades which it is intended to adorn with 
sixteen statues of heroic size, one above each column. 
Four of these are in place, at the north side: beginning 



24 THE LIBRARY 

at the left, Euripides, a copy of the Giustinian Euripides 
in the Vatican, the gift of the architect Charles F. 
McKim; a copy of the Vatican Demosthenes, the gift of 
W. Bayard Cutting (of the Class of 1869); Sophocles, a 
copy of the statue in the Later an Museum, the gift of 
Dr. George G. Wheelock (of the Class of 1864) ; Augustus 
Caesar, a copy of the Louvre statue, the gift of F. Augus- 
tus Schermerhorn (of the Class of 1868): all four of 
Istrian marble. The dome overhead is the inner dome 
or ceiling; from its summit hangs a white sphere, 7K ft. 
in diameter, which, when lighted on certain occasions by 
electric searchlights produces the impression of a lumin- 
ous globe or moon, diffusing a soft white light through 
the upper spaces of the room. 

Upon the bookcases in the four corners of the room are 
the following bronze busts: northwest corner, Frederic 
de Peyster (of the Class of 1816) ; northeast corner, John 
Watts ( 1 749-1 836), founder of the Leake and Watts 
Orphan Asylum: these two by G. E. Bissell, sculptor, the 
gift of General J. Watts de Peyster in 1 889. In the south- 
east corner, Socrates; southwest corner, Hermes, copy of 
the Hermes of Praxiteles at Olympia; on the central case, 
east side, bust of Beethoven. The last two are the gift 
of Dr. Coles (of the Class of 1864). 

Opening from the north corridor is the Periodical 
Room, measuring 61 ft. x 37 ft., extending through two 
stories in height and covered by a paneled ceiling. The 
room contains 5000 bound volumes of periodicals; and 
600 current periodicals from all parts of the world are 
accessible on its shelves. 

In the east corridor is a bronze bust of Homer, a copy 



THE LIBRARY 25 

of a marble head in the Louvre Museum, the gift of Dr. 
Coles (of the Class of 1864) ; also a vase, four feet seven 
inches, with figures in relief, the gift of J. Aburatani and 
a number of Japanese students in 1904. 

The door on the east admits to the Exhibition Room, 
39 ft. X 58 ft. in size, formerly occupied by the Avery 
Library, which is now housed in a separate building 
(p. 39). This room is used for public exhibitions of 
rare books, manuscripts, bindings, and drawings. The 
beams of the ceiling bear the names of great architects. 
From this room a door in the north end admits to a room 
devoted to a collection of Columbiana, and another in the 
south end to a room devoted to engravings, manuscripts, 
and maps. 

The upper floors, reached by the four staircases from the 
corner lobbies, are devoted chiefly to the various collec- 
tions of the library. On the second floor, the east side 
is devoted to the social sciences, the west side to modem 
languages; the north side being occupied by the upper 
part of the Periodical Room, and the south side by the 
upper part of the entrance hall. The third floor is de- 
voted to history on the west side, and to philosophy on 
the north side, the remainder being occupied by offices 
and workrooms. The total number of volumes in the 
Library is nearly 500,000, besides many thousands of 
pamphlets and manuscripts, and 30,000 German univer- 
sity dissertations, contained in the Library Building, and 
in departmental libraries and in Kent and Avery Halls. 

From the southeast corner vestibule on the third floor 
access may be had to the exterior dome, from which 
there is a fine view of the University buildings and of the 
entire city. The summit of this dome is 134 feet above 



26 THE LIBRARY 

the level of the campus. For admission application 
must be made in the Superintendent's office in Room i lo 
in the southeast corner of the basement. 

Although Columbia has no funds to spend on rare 
books or on volumes notable chiefly for their beauty of 
page and binding, it is fortunate in the possession of an 
abundance of variora, thanks to the gifts of its friends. 
Many of these were received by bequest from Stephen 
Whitney Phoenix in 1881, among them a large number 
of sumptuously illustrated folios dealing with art and 
archeology. By the Phoenix bequest the library came 
into possession of two of its 250 incunabula, Caxton's 
''BokeoftheFaytof ArmsandChyvalre" (London, 1489), 
and Wynkyn de Worde's edition of "De Proprietatibus 
Rerum" of Bartholemeus (London, 1495). There are 
also a Herodotus printed by Etienne in 161 8, bound in 
red morocco for Louis XIII, and an Aldine lamblichus 
of 151 6 bound for Grolier with his famous motto, lo. 
Grolerii et amicorum. Among the MSS. in the library 
are chapters by Emerson and Hawthorne, Holmes and 
George Bancroft. Especially noteworthy is the collec- 
tion of letters to and from DeWitt Clinton (of the Class 
of 1786). 

Among the association books are volumes that be- 
longed to Ben Jonson and to Racine (this latter con- 
taining many notes). There are also 150 autograph 
letters of Pierre Bayle, with references to Moli^re and 
Descartes. The special collection devoted to Kant 
numbers more than 1500 volumes and there is a Goethe 
collection of about the same size. The Shakspere col- 
lections extend to more than 2000 volumes and the 



EAST HALL 2^ 

Milton to 250. A Moliere collection of nearly 400 
volumes has been presented to the library but has not 
yet been received. To be noted also are collections 
dealing with the French and Russian revolutions and 
with the anarchistic movement, this last being unique. 
Especially useful are 60,000 European dissertations. 

To the southeast of the Library is a temporary build- 
ing known as East Hall, in which are a number of admin- 
istrative offices of the University. Here are the offices of 
the Bursar, the Registrar, the Dean of the graduate 
faculties, and the Provost of the University; also the 
offices of the Alumni Council, the Committee on Employ- 
ment for Students, and the Committee on Undergraduate 
Admissions. The Columbia University Press, which also 
has its offices in this building, was organized in 1893, 
with the approval of the Trustees of the University, 
primarily for the purpose of promoting the publication 
of works embodying the results of original research. 
The Press is a private corporation, directly related to 
the University; and it is conducted not as a commercial 
enterprise, but in the interest of higher education. The 
officers of the Press are: Nicholas Murray Butler, Presi- 
dent, William H. Carpenter, Secretary, and John B. Pine, 
Treasurer. 

To the southeast of the Library and on the comer of 
1 1 6th Street and Amsterdam Avenue stands Kent Hall 
(erected 1910, with funds largely provided by the 
bequest of Charles Bathgate Beck of the Class of 1877, 
College, and 1879, Law. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
White). 



28 KENT HALL 

Historical Note. The Schools of Law and of Political 
Science occupy Kent Hall, which is appropriately named 
for Chancellor James Kent, appointed professor of law 
in Columbia College in 1793, and reappointed in 1823 
after his retirement from the office of Chancellor of the 
State of New York. Though his active incumbency 
under his first appointment extended for only two years 
and under his second appointment only three years, he 
continued to hold his professorship until his death in 1 847 , 
and his famous "Commentaries" were outlined in the 
lectures which he delivered to Columbia students. 

The beginnings of law instruction in Columbia go back 
to 1773, when there was established in King's College the 
first professorship of law in an American institution of 
learning. Law instruction at Columbia was, however, 
discontinuous and irregular until the establishment in 
1858 of the School of Jurisprudence, transformed in the 
following year into the School of Law. For the ensuing 
thirty-two years the school was conducted by Theodore 
W. D wight, as professor of municipal law, and for twenty 
years all the prescribed courses were given by him. In 
1878 the regular staff of instructors was increased by the 
addition of two more professors, and ten years later the 
course of study was extended from two to three years. 
At the present time (19 12) forty-one courses are offered 
by eleven professors and three other lecturers, and the 
registration of the school exceeds 450. 

The original plan for the School of Jurisprudence 
embraced instruction in history, political economy, 
political philosophy, international and foreign law, and 
jurisprudence. Among the scholars called to Colimibia 
for the realization of this plan was Francis Lieber. In 



KENT HALL 29 

the School of Law, which developed a strictly pro- 
fessional course of instruction for students desiring to 
practice at the bar, little attention was paid to these 
subjects. In 1876 Professor John W. Burgess was ap- 
pointed professor of political science; and in 1880, at 
his suggestion, the School of Political Science was estab- 
lished, designed to supplement the courses in private law 
"with those studies in ethics, history, and public law 
necessary to complete the science of jurisprudence." 
The field covered by this school has steadily widened, 
until at the present time (19 12) over one hundred and 
seventy courses are offered by twenty-five professors 
and half a dozen associates and instructors in the fields 
of history and political philosophy, economics, sociology, 
social economy, statistics, public law, foreign law, and 
comparative jurisprudence, and the registration in the 
school exceeds 400, exclusive of those students who are 
pursuing the professional law course. 

Description. The intimate relations existing be- 
tween the Schools of Law and of Political Science render 
it appropriate that they share the same building. In 
conformity to the general design of Columbia's buildings, 
Kent Hall is constructed of overburned brick and lime- 
stone, set upon a base of granite, its dimensions being 
205 ft. X 53 ft. The first floor, entered on the north side 
from the quadrangle, is occupied by the Law Library and 
Reading Room, extending the entire length of the build- 
ing. On the walls hang portraits of Chancellor Kent, 
Professor D wight. Professor Burgess, Charles M. Da 
Costa [a trustee of the College (i 886-1 890), to whom the 
Law School is indebted for wise counsel and benefactions], 
and President Butler. At the east and west ends of the 



30 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 

Law Library are alcoves with galleries, containing study- 
tables for the accommodation of 336 students, and book- 
shelves with a capacity for 25,000 volumes, so ordered 
that the books are immediately accessible to readers. In 
the basement, which is above the street level, and in the 
sub-basement are book-stacks with a capacity for 80,000 
volumes and ample space for an equal number of addi- 
tional stacks. The Library of the Law School now (19 12) 
comprises nearly 50,000 volumes, not including the 
works in jurisprudence, public law, and foreign law 
which form a part of the library of political science. In 
the basement, also, are moot-court and locker rooms, a 
social room for the use of students, and the editorial 
office of the Columbia Law Review. In the sub-basement 
is the model of the University buildings (p. 14). 

The second floor is occupied by lecture rooms and the 
offices of the Dean and other members of the Law Fac- 
ulty. On the third floor are lecture rooms shared by 
the two schools, seminar rooms for the departments of 
economics, sociology, statistics, and public law, with 
offices for the professors. 

Immediately to the north of Kent Hall, but on a slightly 
lower level, is the Hall of Philosophy (erected in 1910. 
The gift of an anonymous donor. Architects: McKim, 
Mead & White). This building is occupied by the 
Faculty of Philosophy, one of the three university 
faculties which direct the work of the more advanced 
students. 

Historical Note. What is known as the Graduate 
School in most American universities is at Columbia 
represented by distinct but alHed schools, that of Philo- 



HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 3 1 

sophy, that of Political Science, and that of Pure Science. 
The faculties of these schools comprise the Graduate 
Faculties, and collectively they have much the largest 
body of students of any graduate school in the United 
States. The Faculty of Philosophy, which has charge of 
the work in philosophy, psychology, and ethics, and also 
that in classical philology, in the ancient languages and 
literatures, and in modern languages and literatures, was 
established in 1890, but it relates back to the earliest 
days of King's College when Samuel Johnson, the first 
president and, for the time being, the only instructor, 
taught the students Greek, logic, metaphysics, and ethics. 
His work in philosophy was among the very first pub- 
lished in this country, and he ranked among the leaders 
of thought of his time. Professorships in the French, 
German, and Oriental languages were established in 1784, 
in Italian in 1825, and in Hebrew and Spanish in 1830. 

Description. The main floor of this building is 
occupied by a large social room and study for the women 
graduate students, suitably furnished and hung with 
engravings; several lecture rooms, and the office of 
the Director of the Summer Session and of Extension 
Teaching. 

On the mezzanine and second floors are the studies and 
lecture rooms of the departments of Oriental languages 
and literatures, of Romance languages and literatures, 
and of Germanic languages and literatures. The editor- 
ial offices of the Romanic Review and the special library 
of the Germanic department are on the second floor. 

The third floor is occupied by the offices and lecture 
rooms of the professors of English and comparative 
literature, who are in charge of the graduate work, the 



32 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 

professors in charge of the undergraduate courses having 
their studies in Hamilton Hall, Barnard, and Teachers. 
On this floor is also the Carpenter Library, a large room 
containing a collection of books given as a memorial of 
George Rice Carpenter, professor of rhetoric and English 
composition (i 893-1 909). This library already contains 
some 2400 volumes and is classified and catalogued on 
the same system as the general library, its chief aim being 
to give students ready access to the works particularly 
needed in connection with the stated courses of study. 
The walls are hung with portraits; but the most inter- 
esting feature of the room is the mantelpiece from the 
room in Brennan House, formerly at 84th Street near 
the Hudson River, in which Poe wrote "The Raven." 
Above this mantelpiece hang the models for the obverse 
and reverse of the Bunner Medal which is awarded an- 
nually for an essay on a subject in American literature. 

Connecting with the Carpenter Library on the west is 
the Brander Matthews Dramatic Museum, which oc- 
cupies two rooms, the first containing books dealing with 
the history of the theater, and the second containing a 
collection of views of theaters, interior and exterior, of 
masques and carrousels, and of outdoor performances of 
various kinds, together with portraits of distinguished 
actors of various periods in the costumes they wore on 
the stage. It has also models of five of the theaters 
typical of the more important epochs in the development 
of the drama. 

I. The stage of the Mystery acted at Valenciennes 
in 1547. This is a dupHcate of the model prepared for 
the Paris Exhibition of 1878 and now in the library of 
the Opera. It was made by MM. Duvignaud and 



HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 33 

Gabin, under the direction of M. Marius Sepet (the 
gift of Brander Matthews of the class of 1871.) 

2. An open place in an English village with the 
pageant- wagon representing Noah's Ark. This is a 
reproduction of the set shown at the New Theater in the 
spring of 191 1. It was made by Mr. Joseph Wickes, 
under the direction of Mr. E. Hamilton Bell. (The gift 
of Mr. Winthrop Ames.) 

3. The court-yard of an English inn with the platform 
on which strolling players are performing "The Nice 
Wanton." It was made by Mr. Joseph Wickes, under 
the direction of Mr. E. Hamilton Bell. (The gift of 
Messrs. H. C. Chatfield-Taylor and Otto H. Kahn.) 

4. The Fortune Theater, erected in London in 1600 
(on the plan of Shakspere's Globe) . It was made by Mr. 
James P. Maginnis, under the direction of Mr. Walter H. 
Godfrey. (The gift of Mr. Clarence H. Mackay.) 

5. The Palais Royal, erected in Paris in 1639 by 
Cardinal Richelieu (and occupied after 1661 by Moliere 
and his company). It is a German cut-out made under 
the direction of Dr. Fritsche. (The gift of Mr. E. 
Hamilton Bell.) 

There are now more than 2000 volumes on the shelves 
of the Dramatic Museum, including special collections 
on the Elizabethan theater, on nineteenth-century French 
drama, and on Richard Brinsley Sheridan (this last being 
the largest collection outside the British Museum). 
There are also interesting gatherings of books on sub- 
divisions of theatrical history — the opera, the ballet, 
the puppet-show, the circus, and pantomime. The 
folk-theater and the shows given in the fairs of London 
and Paris are also well represented. 



34 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 

The fourth floor is occupied by the departments of 
classical philology, including the studies of the pro- 
fessors of Greek and Latin, and a departmental library. 

Here also is the Classical Museum. On account of 
the nearness of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the 
liberality with which its collections are opened to students 
of the University, little attempt has been made to develop 
a large museum of classical antiquities at the University. 
The Metropolitan Museum contains admirably chosen 
collections of ancient sculpture (both original works and 
plaster casts), of vases, and many casts of notable archi- 
tectural monuments. The University has, however, an 
excellent collection, left to it by the late Professor Olcott, 
of original objects illustrating many phases of ancient 
Roman life, and a collection of similar scope is projected 
for the illustration of ancient Greek life. Such an equip- 
ment is in effect a kind of laboratory of the greatest value 
to students of ancient civilization. The department of 
classical philology also possesses a large and valuable 
collection of photographs, and some hundreds of lantern- 
slides. The photographs include the two great series, 
"Denkmaler griechischer und romischer Skulptur" and 
"Griechische und romische Port rats." There is a large 
set of very accurate electrotyped facsimiles of Greek 
coins, and a large collection of original coins, both Greek 
and Roman. For the study of epigraphy the depart- 
ment possesses a large number of Roman inscribed stones, 
and an extensive collection of paper impressions of Greek 
inscriptions. 

The department of philosophy, psychology, and ethics, 
(except the laboratory for experimental psychology, which 
is in Schermerhorn Hall) has its studies and lecture- 




ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 



ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 35 

rooms on the fifth floor and here also are the editorial 
offices of Science and of the Popular Science Monthly. 

The basement of the building fronting on Amsterdam 
Avenue is very fully equipped for advanced work in 
electrical engineering. 

Opposite the entrance of the Hall of Philosophy 
stands an ancient well-head brought from the court of 
the Palace of Ambassadors in Venice; the gift of the 
Class of 1887, College, on its twenty-fifth anniversary. 

At right angles to the Hall of Philosophy and facing 
toward the Library is St. Paul's Chapel (erected 1904. 
The gift of OHvia E. P. Stokes and Carohne Phelps 
Stokes. Architects: Howells & Stokes). This is by 
many regarded as architecturally the most interesting 
building in the University group. It stands at the east- 
ern end of the central transverse axis of the main group, 
and its dimensions are 140 ft. x 32 ft. x 112 ft. It is 
built of overburned brick with trimmings of limestone, 
and forms in plan a short Latin cross prolonged at the 
east by a semicircular apse and at the west by a vaulted 
portico of four columns. The crossing is covered by a 
dome which is externally protected by a tiled roof, and 
which in general form suggests the domical Renaissance 
churches of Milan and Northern Italy. The portico 
bears the inscription " Pro Ecclesia Dei," and the capitals 
are adorned with cherub-heads by the sculptor Gutzon 
B or glum. The porch is vaulted with Guastavino tiles 
in color, showing the emblem of the cross, and above the 
doorway is carved the motto of the University, "In 
lumine tuo videbimus lumen." In front of the two piers 



36 ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 

or abutments at the ends of the porch stand two bronze 
torcheres (given by the Class of 1883 on its twenty-fifth 
anniversary). They are in the style of the Florentine 
Renaissance, the last work of a Florentine sculptor, 
Arturo Bianchini, formerly resident in New York, who 
died in Florence before the unveiling of these, his master- 
pieces. The interior of the church is marked by extra- 
ordinary dignity and simplicity of treatment, and a 
perfect unity of design. "In the soaring lines of the 
dome there is an uplift which carries the thought with it, 
and throughout there is a sense of benediction and peace. 
Designed and constructed by the architects in the spirit 
which inspired the builders of the cathedrals of the 
Middle Ages, the Chapel expresses in every line and 
detail the sincerity of its religious character." 

The walls are of warm-toned salmon-colored brick, 
and the vaulting, including the noble dome, which rises 
to a height of ninety-one feet, internally, with a diameter 
of forty-eight feet, is executed in Guastavino tiling of a 
pink tone which harmonizes admirably with the walls. It 
is supported by pendentives resting on the four richly 
paneled arches of the crossing. Sculptured symbols of 
the four Evangelists adorn the crowns of these arches, 
and the drum of the dome, beneath the windows, forms 
a strikingly effective arcaded gallery. The galleries in the 
north and south transepts are adorned with bronze rail- 
ings, which like the bronze electroliers and brackets are of 
significant and beautiful design. Appropriate scriptural 
texts are carved upon the f riezewhich encircles theinterior. 

It has been observed of this edifice that it is designed 
in the Italian Renaissance style, upon a scheme of Byzan- 
tine origin, carried out on Gothic principles of structural 



ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 37 

logic, by means of modern engineering calculations, and 
with distinctly American materials, and that the perfect 
harmony of the result is a vindication of American eclec- 
ticism in the hands of its talented architects. The choir 
is fitted with pulpit, stalls, and organ fronts of Italian 
walnut, decorated with carving and intarsia, or inlay, 
executed in Florence by Coppede Brothers from sketches 
furnished by the architects, the details of the design 
being inspired from the stalls in Santa Croce, Florence. 
The pulpit is particularly worthy of notice. The floor 
of the entire church is paved with marble terrazzo in 
which is set a decorative pattern in small fragments of 
porphyry, verd antique and yellow marble from a demol- 
lished early Christian Church in Rome. In the apse 
are three windows executed by the late John LaFarge. 

The design represents St. Paul preaching to the Athenians on Mars 
Hill, and illustrates the text, which is carved on the marble frieze 
of the apse, "Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare 
I unto you" (Acts xvii: 23). The scene is supposed to be the 
portico of one of the buildings on Mars Hill on the Areopagus, and 
the architectural lines of the portico, extending through the three 
windows, give a sense of unity to the composition. Between the 
columns in the background is seen part of the outline of the Acrop- 
olis. In the central space the Apostle is represented, standing in 
an attitude of earnest exhortation, upon a marble platform, below 
which descend the steps of the portico. At the foot of the steps and 
on either side are grouped a number of figures whose poses express 
the varying degrees of attention, sympathy, indifference, belief, or 
doubt with which they listen to the words of the Apostle. The 
figure of the old man standing near the Apostle represents Dionysius 
who accepts the new teaching. Below him, seated in a chair of 
classic design, is Damaris, absorbed in the Apostle's argument. In 
the right hand division, upon a judge's seat, sits one of the officials of 
the Court of Areopagus in doubtful meditation, while below him are 
several figures expressive of doubt and dissent. "Some mocked 



38 ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 

and others said, we will hear thee again of this matter." Another 
group in the left hand division, composed chiefly of the plainer sort, 
represents those who "clave unto him and believed." The orna- 
mental border below the windows, which follows a Greek pattern, 
has in the center the representation of the altar, with the words in 
Greek text, "To the Unknown God," to which St. Paul refers in the 
chapter and verse quoted. Other texts in Greek upon the borders 
are quotations explaining the significance of the several figures. 

The twenty-four windows in the drum of the dome are 
adorned with the arms of notable old families of New 
York whose names are associated with the history of the 
University: Philip Van Cortlandt of the Class of 1758; 
Anthony Lispenard, 1761; Abraham de Peyster, 1763; 
Frederic J. de Peyster, 1862; Egbert Benson, 1765; 
Gerard Beekman, 1 766 ; Philip Pell, 1 770 ; Thomas Barclay, 
1772; DeWitt Clinton, 1786; William C. Rhinelander, 
1808; Nicholas Fish, Trustee 18 17 to 1833; Gouverneur 
M. Ogden, 1833; Nathaniel G. Pendleton, 1813; Robert 
B. Minturn, 1856; Ambrose C. Kingsland, 1856; George 
L. Kingsland, 1856; Mahlon Sands, 1861, Philip J. Sands, 
1863; Louis M. Cheesman, 1878. These windows were 
executed by Maitland Armstrong & Co. 

The present windows in the transept are temporary, 
and it is hoped that the spaces will be filled by mem- 
orials. It has been suggested that the window in the 
south transept shall represent the great teachers of the 
Old Testament, and shall be a memorial of the Rev. Dr. 
Samuel Johnson, the first president of King's College 
( 1 754-1 763) and that the window in the north transept 
shall represent the great teachers of the New Testament 
and shall be a memorial of President Barnard (1864- 
1889). 

A tablet in the choir states that the Chapel was erected 



AVERY LIBRARY 39 

in memory of James Stokes and Caroline Phelps, his wife, 
the parents of the donors, and a tablet in the north tran- 
sept is a memorial of James Hulme Canfield, Librarian 
of the University (i 899-1 909). 

The organ, built by Ernest M. Skinner and Company 
of Dorchester, Massachusetts, is considered one of the 
finest in New York, and is noted for the sweetness and 
richness of its tone, as well as for the beauty of its case. 

Services are held in the Chapel daily, except Saturday; 
at 12 M. on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday; 
on Wednesday at 5: 10 p.m., and on Sunday a service 
with sermon is held at 4 p.m., the preachers being clergy 
of all denominations. The services are according to the 
ritual of the Episcopal Church, the musical portions 
being rendered by a large choir of University students, 
accompanied by the organ. Organ recitals are also 
frequently held in the afternoon in the Chapel, which is 
open to visitors from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 

Opposite the door of St. Paul's Chapel is a marble 
exedra on which is carved the inscription : 

TO FELLOWSHIP AND LOVE OF ALMA MATER, 

CLASS OF 1886, ARTS, MINES, POLITICAL SCIENCE, 

25TH ANNIVERSARY, I9II. 

North of the Chapel and facing the west side of the 
Library is the Avery Library (erected 191 1. The 
gift of Samuel P. Avery. Architects: McKim, Mead 
& White). 

Historical Note. The Avery Library of Columbia 
University is the standard architectural library in the 



40 AVERY LIBRARY 

United States, and is equaled by only one or two others 
in the world. It was founded by the late Samuel P. 
Avery, father of the donor of the building, and Mrs. Avery 
in memory of their son, Henry Ogden Avery, a young 
architect of great promise who died in 1 890. The scope of 
the library includes architecture, and the arts of construc- 
tion and decorative design allied to architecture. There 
are at present on the shelves of the library 19,066 volumes 
and 1 10 current periodicals, representing the United States, 
Canada, and eight European countries, as well as all the 
standard monumental works on architecture, including 
such rarities as the 1470 edition of Alberti's De Re 
^dificatoria, the Catalogue of the Walters Collection, 
and the Ongania St, Mark's. Although intended prima- 
rily for the use of the students of the University, the 
library is open daily (except Sundays and certain holi- 
days) from 9 A.M. until 6 p.m. and from 7 till ii P.M., 
without restriction, to all architects and students of the 
arts of design. 

The School of Architecture, established by the Trustees 
in 1880 under the direction of Professor William R. Ware, 
as a department of the School of Applied Science, then 
known as the Columbia School of Mines, is now a school 
under the University Faculty of Fine Arts. It maintains 
courses leading to a degree (B. Arch.) in architecture and 
to a professional Certificate of Proficiency, and employs 
a teaching staff of nine professors and instructors. The 
students number 150 to 175 in the courses of architectural 
design, architectural engineering, and landscape art. 
The collections and apparatus of instruction include 900 
volumes, 18,000 photographs, 9000 lantern slides, many 
valuable drawings and casts, a number of fine models of 



AVERY LIBRARY 4 I 

ancient and modern buildings, and a collection of building 
materials and appliances. 

Description. This building was erected especially to 
house the Avery Architectural Library, and also to 
afford accommodation to the School of Architecture. 
It is the first of the inner series of four buildings which 
will ultimately separate the great inner court from four 
smaller exterior courts. Like the other buildings of 
the group it is constructed of over-burned brick with 
limestone trimmings; the exterior dimensions being 
150 ft. X 50 ft. The ground story, which is twenty-two 
feet high, is devoted entirely to the Avery Architectural 
Library ; and the upper stories are occupied by the lecture 
rooms, drafting rooms, offices, and departmental library 
of the School of Architecture, an exhibition room for 
books and drawings, and a museum of building materials 
and appliances. The basement contains a museum of 
casts. The main entrance is through an imposing Ionic 
portico of four columns on the west side of the building, 
The Avery Library is a spacious and dignified room, 
146 ft. X 46 ft. in size, divided into three aisles by square 
piers. The side aisles are occupied by alcoves, divided 
into two stories by continuous galleries, and the whole 
room is covered with a paneled and carved ceiling. It is 
connected with the departmental library of the School 
of Architecture on the third floor and with the lecture 
rooms of the School by book lifts, making the entire 
resources of the library available for class illustration 
and for use by the instructors. 

Behind the Avery Library and parallel to it on 
Amsterdam Avenue is Fayerweather Hall (erected 



42 FAYERWEATHER HALL 

1896, from the bequest of Daniel B. Fayerweather. 
Architects: McKim, Mead & White). A bronze tablet 
on the Amsterdam Avenue side of this building contains 
the following inscription : 

TO COMMEMORATE NEW YORK CITY DEFENSES DURING 
THE WAR OF l8l2: BARRIER GATE McGOWAN's PASS, 
BARRIER GATE MANHATTANVILLE, FORTS CLINTON, FISH, 
AND HAIGHT, AND THREE STONE TOWERS. ALSO IN 

HONOR OF MAJ. GEN. GARRIT HOPPER STRIKER (tHEN 
captain), 5TH REGIMENT, 2ND BRIGADE. ERECTED BY 
U. S. D., I812, EMPIRE STATE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 22ND, 
1900. 

This building (150 ft. x 57 ft. x 100 ft.) is occupied 
by the department of physics, except the rooms devoted 
to astronomy. A tablet in the wall of the north vesti- 
bule commemorates the name of the donor. 

Description. On the first floor are the two lecture 
rooms of the department of physics, and the general 
apparatus room and stock room supplies; also two 
shops for the repair of apparatus and the construction 
of special instruments. 

The second floor contains the general laboratory for 
College students and five rooms devoted to special and 
research work, and the offices of the department of 
physics. The research laboratories are designated col- 
lectively as the Phcenix Physical Laboratories in 
recognition of the bequest of Stephen Whitney Phoenix 
(of the Class of 1859). 

On the third floor are a lecture-room, the museum con- 
taining the models of the department of mathematics, 
the library and reading-room of the department of physics, 
several offices of the instructors in this department, and 



FAYERWEATHER HALL 43 

the laboratories for advanced students who are either 
taking minor graduate work in physics or conducting 
research for their doctor's degree. 

On the top floor are the offices of the department of 
astronomy and two rooms devoted to the measurement 
and reduction of photographic star-plates. There are 
also four small lecture-rooms for seminar and advanced 
work, and offices for two professors of mathematical 
physics. 

In the basement, which is well lighted, are the labora- 
tories for undergraduate students in courses in engi- 
neering, and also lecture, laboratory, and demonstration 
rooms for courses for students in optometry. There are 
in addition two rooms for research and special work, and 
rooms for work requiring ground floor and relative 
steadiness. One of these is a station of the U. S. Gravi- 
tation Survey, and another has been similarly used by 
the Austrian government. On this floor are located the 
storage battery of the department and the distribution 
switch-board, which sends currents of various kinds to 
any of the rooms. 

Opposite the northern ends of Fayerweather and the 
Avery Library, and corresponding to Kent Hall on 
the southern side of the Quadrangle, is Schermerhorn 
Hall (erected 1896. The gift of William C. Schermerhorn 
of the Class of 1840. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
White). 

Historical Note. The School of Pure Science was 
established in 1892 for the purpose, as stated in Presi- 
dent Low's report of 1893, of encouraging scientific 
research and of unifying its interests in the University. 



44 FAYERWEATHER HALL 

The original faculty of pure science included represen- 
tatives of the departments of mathematics, geology, 
mineralogy, botany, zoology, and physiology. It was 
from the beginning affiliated with the faculties of applied 
science and of medicine, and came into still closer relation 
with them through the subsequent assignment to it of 
representatives of the departments of engineering, 
metallurgy, mining, anatomy, pathology, bacteriology, 
and pharmacology. This faculty has charge of all non- 
professional graduate scientific work leading to the 
degrees of A.M. and Ph.D., but many of its members 
also occupy seats in the professional faculties. 

Description. The building (205 ft. x 80 ft. x 100 ft.), 
as the inscription over the entrance indicates, is devoted 
to natural science. It is occupied by the departments 
of geology, mineralogy, botany, zoology, and psychology. 
On the right of the spacious entrance hall stands a bronze 
bust of the donor, and an inscription in bronze letters 
inlaid in the floor commemorates his gift. Opening upon 
the hall is a large general lecture-room, mainly used for 
public lectures ; at the left is the museum of economic and 
physical geology, at the right the Egleston Museum of 
mineralogy, each containing large and valuable collec- 
tions. Two lower floors are occupied by museums, 
laboratories, and special research-rooms for invertebrate 
paleontology, stratigraphic geology, mineralogy, and 
blow-pipe analysis. The museums and laboratories of 
paleontology contain extensive collections of fossil inver- 
tebrates illustrating all the geological horizons of North 
America and many of those of Europe. 

The second floor, immediately above the entrance, 
contains the general laboratory of inorganic geology and 



UNIVERSITY HALL 45 

petrography, special laboratories, the lecture-room and 
the library of the department. At the eastern end are 
the laboratories, lecture-room, and library of the depart- 
ment of psychology, which also has a number of special 
research-rooms on the floor above. The third floor is 
mainly occupied by the department of botany, and con- 
tains a large general undergraduate laboratory, two 
special graduate laboratories, the departmental library, 
and other rooms. Important additional facilities for 
work in botany are afforded by an experimental green- 
house in East Field, and by the New York Botanical 
Garden at Bronx Park. The upper floor is devoted to 
the department of zoology, which here has its large 
general undergraduate laboratory, two graduate labora- 
tories, with rooms for special research, the library, and 
other purposes. A teaching collection of zoological 
specimens and models occupies the hallway. The work 
of this department is affiliated with that of the American 
Musetim of Natural History, where large zoological 
collections are available for study. 

To the west of Schermerhorn Hall and immediately 
behind the Library is University Hall (construction 
begun 1896. Architects: McKim, Mead & White). This 
building, which occupies the central position on the 
northern boundary of the campus, is, next to the Library, 
the largest of the University buildings, though still lacking 
some of its most important features, the cost of which is 
yet to be provided. Owing to the difference in grade 
between the campus and The Green, as the northerly 
portion of the site is designated, the building, though it is 
to be of the same height as those adjoining it, will have 



46 THE GYMNASIUM 

two additional stories above the level of The Green. This 
space has been utilized in part for a gymnasium, which 
occupies the northerly portion of the well-lighted base- 
ment, and in part for the power plant, which occupies 
the southerly portion. 

The Gymnasium is semicircular in form, with a floor 
space of i68 ft. x 113 ft. and a ceiling height of 35 ft. 
It is completely fitted with gymnastic apparatus and 
is largely used by students taking required courses in 
physical training, and by the students generally, as well 
as by many alumni to whom it is open on certain even- 
ings in each week. The gymnasium is also frequently 
selected for intercollegiate athletic contests. On the 
story below is a swimming pool of white marble of semi- 
circular form, 100 ft. X 50 ft. ; and on the floor above are 
dressing-rooms with lockers, rooms for fencing, boxing, 
and wrestling; baths, handball courts, and the offices of 
the director of physical training. A running track, 12 
ft. wide, is carried around the gymnasium as a gallery, 
having nine laps to the mile. On the floor above the 
track (the main floor of University Hall) is the Crew 
Room (303) which contains the rowing machines used by 
the various crews for practice during the winter months. 
There are three sets of these machines, so that three 
crews of eight men can be accommodated at the same 
time. On the walls of the room are hung the various 
trophies won by Columbia crews. The general attend- 
ance in the gymnasium and swimming pool for the year 
1911-12 was more than 80,000 exclusive of spectators. 

Owing to the fact that the University is not provided 
with a theater, the gymnasium is also used for Com- 



POWER PLANT 47 

mencements and other public functions, as well as for 
Class Day celebrations and similar social occasions. 

A driveway, on the line of 119th Street, which passes 
through the building, separates the gymnasium from the 
Power Plant, which provides light, heat and power to all 
of the University buildings, with which it is connected 
by a system of subways built of brick, eight feet in diame- 
ter, through which the steam pipes and electric wires are 
conveyed. These tunnels also serve for the conveyance 
of books to the library and supplies to the several 
buildings. The power plant also supplies Barnard 
College, with which it is similarly connected. The 
present capacity of the plant is 2600 horsepower, and 
it consumes over 10,000 tons of coal per annum. 

The University Commons occupies the upper portion 
of the building fronting on the campus, having a seating 
capacity of about five hundred, and is largely used by the 
students. The present room, however, is only the fore- 
runner of what is intended to be Alumni Memorial 
Hall, a spacious and lofty hall, 164 ft. x 118 ft. x 76 ft., 
in which are to be placed memorial tablets of alumni, and 
which is to serve for alumni reunions, for meetings of 
the College Forum, and other gatherings, as well as a 
dining hall. The alumni have already contributed over 
$100,000 for the erection of this portion of the building. 

The plans of the building also include a University 
Theater, with a seating capacity of over 2500, which will 
provide a dignified and suitable place for Commence- 
ments and other large assemblages. 

To the north of the central group of University build- 
ings the land falls twenty-five feet, and the lower area, 



48 THE GREEN 

which contains about three acres, is known as The Green. 
The semicircular apses of Schermerhom, University, 
and Havemeyer project northward into this tract, but 
otherwise it contains no building except the Wilde astro- 
nomical observatory and transit house. Originally The 
Green was beautified by a grove of stately chestnut trees, 
but the deep excavations for the swimming pool under- 
drained the soil, and as a result most of the older trees 
have died. Much judicious planting has been done, how- 
ever, and the younger growth affords shade and verdure. 
The Green is a favorite place for garden parties and other 
outdoor gatherings. During the Summer Session it is 
used for open-air plays and concerts ; and when decorated 
in the evening with Japanese lanterns it is a picturesque 
sight. 

The Green is surrounded by an ornamental iron fence 
with granite posts, two wrought-iron gates affording 
access. The northern gate, on 120th Street, designed 
by McKim, Mead & White, was the gift of the Class of 
1882, and the western gate, on Broadway, designed b}^ 
Thomas Nash (of the Class of 1882), was the gift of the 
Classes of 1890-92, College and Mines, and others, in 
memory of Herbert Mapes (of the Class of 1890), a 
prominent athlete and student leader. At the north- 
east corner is George Gray Barnard's well-known bronze 
of heroic size, the Great God Pan, set upon a granite 
exedra with a background of evergreens, the whole being 
the gift of Edward Severing Clark. The exedra and 
fountain were designed by McKim, Mead & White. 

To the west of University Hall is Havemeyer Hall 
(erected 1896. The gift of Frederick C. Havemeyer, 



HAVEMEYER HALL 49 

Theodore A. Havemeyer, Thomas J. Havemeyer, Henry 
0. Havemeyer, Kate B. Belloni, Louisa Jackson, and 
Charles H. Senff. Architects: McKim, Mead & White). 

Historical Note . The School of Mines, which was the 
first of its kind in this country, was founded in December, 
1863, at 49th Street and Madison Avenue. In connec- 
tion with it, courses of instruction have been developed 
in architecture, in analytical, organic, and industrial 
chemistry, in civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering, 
and in graduate work in pure and applied science. These 
have led to the establishment of the Schools of Architec- 
ture under its own teaching staff, schools of chemistry and 
engineering, in addition to the School of Mines, under 
the faculty of applied science, and a graduate school 
under the faculty of pure science. A summer school, 
known as Camp Columbia, at Morris, Connecticut, af- 
fords an opportunity for fieldwork (page 123). Origi- 
nally the course of study was three years, but in 1868 
a fourth year was added, and by recent action of the 
trustees the schools of applied science have been placed 
on the basis of graduate schools, three years of College 
training being required as a preliminary to three years 
of strictly scientific work. This requirement will go 
into effect in September, 1914. 

Description. The building (205 ft. x 80 ft. x 100 ft.), 
which stands at the northwest corner of the Quadrangle, 
has been devoted, since the removal of the department of 
architecture, exclusively to the work in chemistry for 
which it was originally designed. Facing the entrance 
on the cross corridor, is a bronze bas-relief of Frederick C. 
Havemeyer (of the Class of 1825), in whose memory the 
building was erected by the donors, as set forth in an 
4 



50 HAVEMEYER HALL 

inscription in bronze letters in the floor. On the right 
of the entrance stands a heroic bronze bust (executed 
by J. Scott Hartley and presented by the Chemists of 
America), of Professor Charles Frederick Chandler, for 
forty years head of the department of chemistry, and 
for thirty-three years dean of the School of Mines ; and 
on the wall of the corridor to the left is a bronze tablet, 
executed by C. F. Hamann, commemorative of Hamilton 
Y. Castner (of the Class of 1878), distinguished for his 
invention of certain industrial processes. 

The entire east wing on this floor is occupied by the 
Chandler Chemical Museum, showing in specimen form 
the evolution, not only of the science of chemistry, but 
of the chemical and allied industries. The rest of this 
floor is taken up by the administrative offices, lecture 
rooms, the science seminar, and a library of books 
and journals devoted to pure and applied chemistry. 
The two floors below the entrance are given over to the 
laboratories and research rooms in engineering and 
industrial chemistry, and to the laboratory of practical 
electro-chemistry, all of which are fitted up with appa- 
ratus for the study of older processes and the investiga- 
tion of newer ones. These laboratories will be available 
for the holders of the industrial fellowships, supported 
by various corporations and manufacturers, for their work 
of investigation which, it is hoped, will contribute mate- 
rially to industrial progress. The floors above the en- 
trance are devoted almost entirely to pure chemistry. 
The second floor is divided between the sub-departments 
of organic chemistry and physical chemistry, with their 
laboratories and research rooms; while the third floor is 
devoted to analytical chemistry and to food chemistry. 



SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 5 1 

On the top floor are situated the laboratories and research 
rooms devoted to inorganic chemistry, grouped under the 
name, The Nichols Laboratories of Inorganic Chem- 
istry, in honor of Mr. WilHam H. Nichols, honorary 
D.Sc, 1904, who gave a fund for their construction and 
equipment. On this floor are also the general supply 
rooms for chemicals and apparatus, which are connected 
with the various laboratories by means of dumbwaiters. 
The department of chemistry is represented on all 
three of the faculties — College, applied science, and pure 
science — and chemical courses are given not only as 
required courses for all the various engineering degrees, 
and as electives for college students, but also to gradu- 
ates who are candidates for the degrees of A.M. and 
Ph.D. In all, about eight hundred students a year 
receive instruction in chemistry. The papers embodying 
the research done in the various laboratories, published 
under the title, Contributions from the HavemeyerLahora- 
tories of Columbia University, already number more than 
two hundred, and are being added to rapidly. 

On the westerly side of the campus, adjoining Haver- 
meyer Hall is The School of Engineering building 
(erected 1896. Architects: McKim, Mead & White. 
Size, 150 ft. X 57 ft. X 100 ft.). On the westerly wall of 
this building on Broadway is a bronze tablet with this 
inscription : 

TO COMMEMORATE THE BATTLE OF HARLEM HEIGHTS, 

WON BY Washington's troops on this site, September 

16, 1776. ERECTED BY THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION 
IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Description. In the sub-basement are the bituminous 



52 SCHOOL OF MINES 

materials research laboratory and road materials testing 
laboratory of the highway engineering department ; also 
the storage battery room and the supply room of the de- 
partment of electrical engineering, as well as the gas engine 
room and stock supply room of the department of me- 
chanical engineering. In the basement are the machine 
laboratories (direct and alternating current) of the elec- 
trical and mechanical engineering departments. On the 
main floor are the electrical engineering museum and two 
lecture rooms ; the offices of the department of mechani- 
cal engineering, and the museum of the civil and me- 
chanical engineering departments, the testing materials 
laboratory of the department of civil engineering, and one 
lecture room. On the second floor are the offices of the 
dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and the offices and 
drafting rooms of the department of civil engineering, a 
library, and a large lecture room. On the third floor 
are the instrument laboratory, the drafting rooms and 
offices of the department of electrical engineering, and a 
reference library. The fourth floor is devoted entirely 
to the first and second year drafting rooms and the offices 
of the department of engineering drafting. In the attic 
is a blue-print room with large rolling frame and tank. 

South of the School of Engineering building and near 
the northeast corner of Broadway and ii6th Street 
stands the School of Mines building (erected 1904. 
The gift of Adolph Lewisohn. Architect: Arnold W. 
B runner). 

Description. This building (145 ft. x 57 ft. x 100 ft.) 
has six stories, including basement and sub-basement, all 
of which, with the exception of three rooms, are occupied 



SCHOOL OF MINES 53 

by the departments of mining and metallurgy. In the 
floor of the vestibule is an inscription in honor of the donor 
of the building, and in the hall stands a bronze bust of 
Thomas Egleston, one of the founders of the School of 
Mines, by William Couper. On the left of the entrance 
is the MINING MUSEUM ; on the right, the museum of met- 
allurgy, and beyond these in turn are the three principal 
lecture rooms of the School ; these are purposely so placed 
that, when passing to and from lectures, the students 
gain famiharity with the exhibits. The museums con- 
tain models of mines, mine plants, smelting furnaces, 
and metallurgical appliances, together with a collection 
of metallurgical products. Much of this material is used 
for lecture illustration. 

On the two basement floors are the ore-dressing labora- 
tories, provided with appliances for concentrating and 
testing ores on a small scale, and for crushing ores pre- 
paratory to treatment in the concentrating plant. These 
laboratories also contain a number of full-size concentra- 
ting machines, which are examples of the principal types 
of apparatus used in modern concentration works. By 
means of a circulatory system of automatic feeders, pip- 
ing, centrifugal pumps, and de-watering apparatus, the 
same ore is used repeatedly, when the large machines 
are in operation, so that tests or runs of any desired 
duration can be made. On the second floor is a drafting 
room for the use of the fourth year students. Next to 
this is the reference library of the department of mining. 
At the southerly end of this floor is the non-ferrous and 
electro-metallurgical laboratory, containing roasting and 
crucible furnaces and amalgamating and bleaching ap- 
paratus, for dry and wet metallurgy. This apparatus 



54 WEST HALL 

includes a chlorination barrel, and a well-designed small 
barrel-mill for conducting experiments on the cyaniding 
of gold ores. Adjoining this laboratory is the library of 
the department of metallurgy. The remainder of the 
floor is occupied by offices of the teaching staff of the 
School. The third floor is occupied entirely by the de- 
partment of metallurgy. At the south end is the iron 
and steel laboratory, provided with electric and gas 
furnaces, pyrometers, and other apparatus, for experi- 
mental work and the heat treatment of iron and steel. 
Next are several rooms devoted to metallographic work, 
for which there is an ample equipment of microscopes of 
various types, high-power photographic apparatus, and 
recording instruments. The remainder of the floor is 
taken up by an analytical laboratory, dark-rooms for 
photography, and officers' studies. On the fourth floor 
at the southerly end are the assay laboratories. These 
include complete outfits of gas muffles and laboratory 
desks for thirty-four students; also, separate rooms for 
crucible furnaces and western coal-fired muffles, a room 
for the preparation of assay charges, and a weighing room 
provided with a number of balances. 

In front of the School of Engineering there is an old 
brick building known as West Hall, soon to be removed, 
and now temporarily occupied by the department of 
anthropology, the University Book Store, and the offices 
of three of the student publications, The Spectator, The 
Jester, and the Columbia Monthly. 

Between the School of Mines and the School of En- 
gineering and in a position corresponding to St. Paul's 



EARL HALL 55 

Chapel on the eastern side of the Quadrangle is 
Earl Hall (993^ ft. x 58 ft. x 102 ft. Erected 1900. 
The gift of William Earl Dodge. Architects: McKim, 
Mead & White). The inscription over the door, 

GIVEN TO THE STUDENTS THAT RELIGION AND 
LEARNING MAY GO HAND IN HAND AND CHARACTER 

GROW WITH KNOWLEDGE, explains the purpose of 
the building. Earl Hall is, by the expressed wish of 
the donor, under the charge of the Columbia Uni- 
versity Christian Association (directly affiliated with 
the city, State, and international Young Men's Chris- 
tian Associations). The general secretary of the As- 
sociation acts also as secretary of Earl Hall, and as 
such is one of the administrative officers of the Uni- 
versity. The policy of the Association has been to 
throw open the use of the Hall to all students and 
student organizations, and as a result it has become 
the center of all student activity — social and athletic 
as well as religious, ethical, and philanthropic. It serves 
under the management of the Association as a general 
student club-house. 

Description. On the main floor are the lobby, reading 
room and library containing the Dibblee collection, 
Bible class and committee room, office of the chaplain 
of the University, office of the general secretary, and 
offices of the Christian Association. A general informa- 
tion bureau is maintained here. The Association also 
maintains a board and room directory — open to students 
free of charge — in which is registered a selected list of 
boarding and rooming places in the vicinity of the 
University. The University Trophy Room also has 
accommodation here, and the walls are hung with athletic 



56 EARL HALL 

banners and photographs. In the corridor may be seen 
the shell used by the Columbia Crew of 1878 — the only 
American crew which has ever won a race at the English 
Henley. A case also contains a large number of loving- 
cups, prizes, souvenir footballs and other trophies of 
athletic victories. At the entrance to the reading room 
stands a bronze bust of Washington, — a replica of a 
bust by Houdon — and the gift of Dr. Coles (of the Class 
of 1864). 

On the second floor of Earl Hall there is a large audi- 
torium used for services, lectures, conventions, debates, 
play-rehearsals, concerts, recitals, mass-meetings, class- 
meetings, dances, receptions, and other functions. There 
are also two small rooms used for Bible classes and 
committee meetings. In the lobby hang portraits of 
William Earl Dodge, the son of the donor and in whose 
memory the Hall was given; Frederick A. P. Barnard, 
President 1864-89, painted for the Trustees by East- 
man Johnson in 1886; and Seth Low (of the Class of 
1870), President 1 890-1 901, painted by Daniel Hunt- 
ington, and presented by Mr. Low at the invitation of 
the Trustees in 1899. 

The basement of Earl Hall contains a billiard room, 
an office for the secretary, a small room for Bible-class 
and committee meetings, and a large office occupied 
by the Athletic Association and the managers of the 
various athletic teams.. In this room or in other parts 
of the Hall are also the desks of the student managers 
of the Varsity and Sophomore Shows, Dramatic Asso- 
ciation, and other student organizations. A rear door 
opens on Broadway at 117th Street.. 

The red brick building at the northeast corner of 



FACULTY CLUB 57 

Broadway and ii6th Street, which was acquired by the 
University on the purchase of the site, is occupied by 
the Faculty Club. The main floor has two dining- 
rooms, with pantry, coat-room, and office; the second 
floor, two additional dining-rooms and a reading-room 
with writing-tables and chess tables ; the third floor, five 
bedrooms. The wide porch on two sides commands 
most attractive views of the campus. Organized pri- 
marily as an officers' mess, the Faculty Club has become 
such a center of social intercourse that in summer and 
winter alike it is taxed to its capacity; not only at the 
mid-day lunch hour, but on many other occasions for 
dinners of the various faculties, of alumni organizations, 
and of other bodies. As the one place where the mem- 
bers of all departments are brought together informally 
and in close personal relations, the Club is an important 
feature in the life of the university. 

Memorials presented on graduation or at anniver- 
saries by the following classes: 

Class of '74, College Clock, bronze supports, and 

columns in Reading Room of 

Library. 

Class of '77, College Portrait of Alexander Hamilton. 

Class of '80, College Wrought iron doors, Hamilton 

and Mines Hall. 

Class of '81, College, Flagpole with granite and 

Mines, and Pohti- bronze base. 

cal Science 
Class of '81 , College "The Gemot " Hamilton Hall. 

and Mines 



58 CLASS MEMORIALS 

Classof '82, College Wrought Iron Gate, 120th St. 

Class of '82, College Stained glass window, College 

Study. 

Class of '82, Mines Bronze torcheres in front of 

School of Mines. 

Class of '83, College, Bronze torcheres in front of 

Mines, and Politi- Chapel, 
cal Science 

Class of '84, College Marble doorway and clock, 

Dean's office, Hamilton Hall. 

Class of '84, Mines Improvement of South Field 

for athletic purposes. 

Class of '85, Mines Fund of $8200, for a fellowship 

in Applied Science. 

Class of '85, College Stained glass window "Sopho- 

cles, " Hartley Hall. 

Class of '85, College Granite Sun Dial in form 

of globe to be placed on South 
Field. 

Class of '86, College " American Literature Library " 

300 vols. 

Class of '86, Arts, Marble Exedra in front of 

Mines, and Polit- Chapel 
ical Science 

Class of '87, College Well-Head in front of Philo- 

sophy Building. 

Class of '%j, Mines Loan Fund of $7200 for 

students in Science. 

Class of '90-92, Col- Mapes Memorial Gate, Broad- 
lege and Mines way and 1 1 9th Street. 

Class of '91, College Stained glass window "Vergil" 

Hartley Hall. 



CLASS MEMORIALS 59 

Class of '99, College Improvement of South Field 

and Mines for athletic purposes. 

Class of '00, College Power Launch " 1900." 
and Applied 
Science. 
Class of '01, College For Endowment of Committee 
and Applied on Employment for Students. 

Science 
Class of '02, College Painting "The Round Table 

of King Arthur," Hartley Hall. 
Class of '05, Law Portrait of Chancellor Kent in 

Kent Hall. 
Class of '10, College Collection of Engravings Ham- 

ilton Hall, "Dean Van Amringe 
Fund." 
Class of ' 1 2 , Law Clock in Kent Hall . 



SOUTH FIELD 

The two blocks of ground lying immediately in front 
of the Library and extending from Ii6th Street to 114th 
Street and from Broadway to Amsterdam Avenue, 
popularly known as South Field, were purchased in 1902 
as an addition to the original site through the assistance 
of alumni and friends of the University, among whom 
Mr. James Speyer was prominent. Plans have been 
made and models prepared for the erection of buildings 
on the property to form a large quadrangle surrounding 
an athletic field. Of these buildings, Hamilton, Hartley, 
and Livingston Halls have been erected, and the School 
of Journalism is now in process of construction at the 
southeasterly corner of Broadway and 11 6th Street. A 
third dormitory to be known as "Furnald Hall" is now 
being erected on Broadway, adjoining the School of 
Journalism, and the entire system of dormitories when 
com.pleted as planned will accommodate two thousand 
students. The athletic field and quarter-mile running 
track which now occupy this center portion of the field 
were constructed at the expense of the Classes of 1884 
and 1899, and are used for the physical exercise courses 
prescribed for underclassmen, as well as for general 
athletic sports. There are also tennis-courts. 

In the center of the north side of South Field is a 

60 



I 



HAMILTON HALL 6 1 

Sun-Dial (the gift of the Class of 1885), erected in 1912. 
The inserts on the base, which were designed and pre- 
pared under the direction of WilHam Ordway Partridge 
(of the Class of 1885) are arranged in the following order: 
Torches of the Morning; Increase of the Dawn; Chan- 
ticleer; Sun Rise; Love Awakening; Boiling the Pot; 
Love Crowning the Hours ; Love at Play ; Love Tempers 
the Night Wind ; The Evening Star ; Love Piping to the 
Moon; and Voices of the Night. They represent the 
cycle of one day, beginning with very early morning and 
ending in the fullness of the night. 

At the northeast comer of South Field extending along 
1 1 6th Street to Amsterdam Avenue is Hamilton Hall 
(erected 1906. The gift of John Stewart Kennedy, a 
trustee of the University, 1903-1910. Architects: 
McKim, Mead & White). This building was erected 
to provide a permanent home for Columbia College, 
out of which and around which the whole University has 
developed. Columbia College is for men only, the cor- 
responding school for women being Barnard College 
(page 82). It has a faculty of forty-five men, assisted 
by fifty-seven other officers of instruction, and an enroll- 
ment of about eight hundred students. Its normal course 
covers the customary four years' studies of freshman, 
sophomore, junior, and senior years, but under special 
conditions the required work can be taken in less time, 
and, after completion of certain prerequisite college 
studies, students are permitted to take courses in the 
professional schools of the University as part of the 
requirement for the degree of bachelor of arts or bachelor 
of science. 



62 HAMILTON HALL 

Description. Hamilton Hall was the last of the 
University group to be designed by the late Charles F. 
McKim, and was opened to students in 1907. Its 
dimensions are 208 ft. by 55 ft. The building has four 
floors, containing class rooms with over 2000 sittings, 
and oflicers' studies, as well as the offices of the dean. 
It contains also the College Study, which is a library for 
undergraduates, and the Gemot, a social hall for the 
students, handsomely furnished by the Class of 1881. 

The entrance is on South Field. Immediately in 
front of the triple doorway, with its ornamental iron 
grills (presented by the Class of 1880), is a bronze statue 
of Alexander Hamilton, who was a student in King's 
College from 1774 to 1776, and in honor of whom the 
building is named. The statue was designed by William 
Ordway Partridge (of the Class of 1885); and was the 
gift of the Association of Alumni of Columbia College. 
Above the grills are carved the seals of King's College, 
the Regents of the University, and of Columbia Col- 
lege, representing three historic periods. These also were 
presented by the Alumni Association. The corner-stone 
bears an inscription, which is a paraphrase of the inscrip- 
tion on the corner-stone of King's College, (p. 20) and 
reads as follows: 

HUIUS COLLEGII OLIM REGALIS NUNC COLUMBIAE DICTI 
REGIO DIPLOMATE AN DOM MDCCLIIII CONSTITUTI IN 
HONOREM DEI OPTIMI MAXIMI ATQ IN ECCLESIAE REIQ 
PUBLICAE EMOLUMENTUM PRIMUS HIC LAPIS POSITUS EST 
SEPT. DIE XXVII AN DOM MDCCCCV. 

{This first stone of this College, once called King's now 



HAMILTON HALL 63 

Columbia, established by royal charter Anno Domini 1754 
to the honor of Almighty God and the advancement of Church 
and State, was laid September 27, Anno Domini 1905), 

In the vestibule of Hamilton Hall is a bronze bust of 
the donor of the building, the late John Stewart Kennedy, 
a member of the Board of Trustees ( 1903-19 10), whose 
generosity is suitably commemorated by an inscription 
inlaid in the floor. There are also in the vestibule a bust 
of Dean Van Amringe, executed by Mr. Partridge, 
recently presented by the alumni, and two bronze replicas 
of classical heads, the gift of J. Ackerman Coles, M.D. 
(of the Class of 1864) : Apollo Belvedere, a copy from the 
head of the marble statue in the Vatican, given in 1907 
in memory of Alexander Hamilton (of the Class of 1777) 
and Gains Octavius Caesar Augustus, a copy from a 
marble statue in the Vatican found at Prima Porta, pre- 
sented in 1904 as a memorial to President Charles King, 
Professor Anthon, Professor Drisler, and other members 
of the Faculty whose lectures were attended by the class 
of 1864. Immediately facing the entrance is the dean's 
office, and the central feature of the elaborate architec- 
tural treatment of the entrance hall is a carved marble 
doorway and clock (the gift of the Class of 1884). At the 
time of its presentation, the dean of Columbia College 
was John Howard Van Amringe (of the Class of i860), 
and this gift, as well as the bust above mentioned, are 
fitting expressions of the affection and esteem in which 
he is held by the alumni at large. The walls of the 
dean's office are hung with an interesting and valuable 
collection of historic portraits and autograph letters 
presented by the Alumni Association. 



64 HAMILTON HALL 

The rest of the ground floor is devoted to class-rooms 
and to the offices of the department of mathematics. 
In the basement is the Gemot, already referred to, and 
the coat-rooms. On the floor above, at the east end, is 
the College Study, a well-lighted room, containing 
a good working library, with long oak tables for the 
undergraduates, for whose use there is a special collection 
of the books needed in the College courses. The east 
window of the study, executed by Maitland Armstrong 
& Co., is in stained-glass, and bears the seal of the Col- 
lege (the gift of the Class of 1882). The room also con- 
tains a collection of casts, and the following portraits: 
Charles Anthon (of the Class of 1815), Jay professor of 
Greek language and literature 1857-67, painted for the 
Trustees by John W. Ehninger in 1867 ; William Cochran, 
professor of Greek and Latin, 1784-89, painted by John 
Trumbull, and presented by him to the College in 1821 ; 
Lorenzo Da Ponte, professor of Italian language and 
literature 1826-37, painter and source unknown: Charles 
Davies, professor of mathematics of 1857-65, painted 
by Jos. O. Eaton for the Trustees in 1866; Henry Drisler, 
Jay professor of Greek language and literature 1867-94, 
painted for the Trustees by Daniel Huntington in 1890; 
John Kemp, professor of mathematics and natural 
history 1799-1812, painter and source unknown; John 
McVickar, (of the Class of 1804) professor of evidence 
of natural and revealed religion, painted for the Trustees 
by J. 0. Eaton, 1866; and John Howard Van Amringe, 
(of the Class of i860). Dean of Columbia College 1896- 
1910, painted by Eastman Johnson, and presented to the 
University by the Association of the Alumni of Columbia 
College. In Room 301 are portraits of Robert Adrain, 



HAMILTON HALL 65 

professor of mathematics, natural history, and astron- 
omy, 1813-25, painter unknown — possibly Vanderlyn, 
presented by the Class of 1823; Henry James Ander- 
son (of the class of 18 18), professor of mathematics 
and astronomy 1825-43, Trustee 1851-75, painted for 
the Trustees by J. 0. Eaton in 1866; John Bowden, 
professor of moral philosophy, 1 801-17, presented in 
1822 by the alumni of the College; Charles Murray 
Nairne, professor of moral and intellectual philosophy 
and literature .1857-81, painted by Thomas Le Clear 
for the Trustees in 1881; Henry Immanuel Schmidt, 
professor of German language and literature 1848-80, 
painted for the Trustees in 1880 by Jacob Lazarus; 
and Peter Wilson, professor of Greek and Latin 1789- 
92, painter not known, presented by the alumni in 
1822. 

On the walls of the stairs and hallways is hung a 
collection of framed engravings, views by Piranesi of 
ancient Rome, and appropriate portraits. These have 
been purchased from the Dean Van Amringe Fund 
(raised in 19 10 by general undergraduate subscription in 
honor of the retiring dean) . 

The remainder of the building contains the depart- 
ments of modern languages, English, philosophy, econom- 
ics, and politics. The laboratories for work in history 
and politics, now on the top floor, but soon to be moved 
to the School of Journalism, deserve special attention, as 
showing how modern teaching of the older subjects in 
the College program has been revolutionized by the 
example of the more recently included natural sciences. 
The history laboratory, well-equipped with works of 
reference, newspapers, and reviews, has been used for 

5 



66 HARTLEY HALL 

some time in connection with a course on Europe in the 
nineteenth century, and the results derived from the study 
of newspaper cHppings are as actual and definite as those 
obtained from cracking rocks or heating test tubes. The 
Politics Laboratory has been supported for two years 
by the Hon. Patrick F. McGowan of New York. Bal- 
lots, election laws, legislative manuals, city charters, 
departmental reports, and much other material are being 
placed at the disposal of the one hundred and fifty 
students who are taking the undergraduate courses in 
politics. Problems and methods of government are 
made concrete, when an English ballot with two names 
upon it is placed beside a Colorado ballot covering 
several pages of a newspaper. The laboratory is also 
useful to teachers of civics in the city schools. 

To the south of Hamilton Hall, at right angles to it and 
extending along Amsterdam Avenue, are two dormitories 
or residence Halls: Hartley Hall and Livingston Hall 
(both erected 1904. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
White). 

The students of King's College not only recited and 
studied in the College building, but were housed and 
fed therein. In the early announcements there are 
many quaint references to the house rules of the time 
and to their enforcement by an elaborate system of fines, 
but about 1800 the College ceased to be a place of resi- 
dence except for the president and a few professors. It 
was not until more than one hundred years had passed 
that Columbia again became a residential institution. 
This was made possible by the gift in 1903 of ^350,000 
for the erection of Hartley Hall, named in memory of the 



LIVINGSTON HALL 67 

late Marcellus Hartley of New York, the father of Mrs. 
Helen Hartley Jenkins and the grandfather of Mr. Mar- 
cellus Hartley Dodge (of the Class of 1903), the donors. 
The Trustees voted an equal amount from the general 
funds of the University for a companion building, named 
Livingston Hall, in memory of Chancellor Robert R. 
Livingston (of the Class of 1765). The Halls were 
opened to students in the fall of 1905. 

Description. The entrance to each Hall is from South 
Field and leads directly into a large assembly room sixty 
feet square. This room extends through two stories 
and has a large open fireplace opposite the entrance. It 
is furnished in heavy leather-covered oak, like a club 
room and serves as a general assembly hall for the 
residents. At one side of the main entrance is the office 
of the Hall, and on the other a reception-room. 

Each Hall is 137 ft. x 61 ft. and contains three hundred 
rooms, all with outside light and exposure, lighted by 
electricity and heated by steam. The rent of the rooms 
(which are completely furnished by the University), for 
the academic year of forty weeks, ranges from $100 to 
$180 for single occupants. In many cases the rooms are 
rented in suites with a common study. 

The assembly room of Hartley contains decorative 
glass windows representing Sophocles and Virgil, the 
graduation gifts of the Classes of 1885 and 1891, respec- 
tively, which were brought from the library at Forty- 
ninth Street. The corresponding room in Livingston 
contains a decorative window, the central feature of the 
design being a medallion portrait of the Chancellor, pre- 
sented by members of the Livingston family. There are 
also in the assembly room in Hartley the following 



68 LIVINGSTON HALL 

portraits besides one of Marcellus Hartley: Alexander 
Hamilton, LL.D., (of the Class of 1777) Trustee 1787- 
1804, copied by Mrs. James H. Canfield from the original 
by John Trumbull in the possession of the Hamilton 
family, presented in 1905 by the Class of 1877; John 
Jay, LL.D., (of the Class of 1764), a copy by Mrs. 
James H. Canfield from the original by Gilbert Stuart 
and presented by Mrs. Canfield in 1904; Gouverneur 
Morris (of the Class of 1768), Trustee 1805-18 16, 
painted by Thomas Scully, loaned by the Morris 
family. 

In the assembly room of Livingston are portraits of 
John D. Ogilby (of the Class of 1829), a copy by C. L. 
Elliott from the original by Copley in the possession of 
Trinity Church ; Daniel D. Tompkins (of the Class of 1 795) 
Governor of New York and Vice-President of the United 
States; De Witt Clinton (of the Class of 1786), Governor 
of New York ; and Rev. Manton Eastburn (of the Class 
of 181 7), lecturer on poetry (1830). 

In accordance with the wishes of the donors, under- 
graduate students are given preference in the assignments 
of rooms in Hartley Hall, and as a result they are con- 
centrated in that building, while the older students and 
junior officers are generally housed in Livingston. The 
five hundred residents of these buildings form a nucleus 
which has added much to the student life of the Univer- 
sity. Their various doings are recorded in a weekly 
newspaper entitled The Dorms. There is a pleasant 
rivalry between the two Halls which results in various 
informal athletic contests, and social affairs, one of the 
latter being the annual lighting of the Yule Log on 
Christmas Eve. 



FURNALD HALL 69 

In striking contrast to the paternalism of the King's 
College days, the Halls are practically self-governing. 
The house rules are of the simplest, the internal admin- 
istration of each building being in the hands of a Hall 
Committee consisting of a resident elected from each 
floor. For weightier matters, there is a council made 
up of representatives from the Hall Committee and 
three officers of the University. The health of the 
residents is under the immediate care of the University 
physician. 

A new dormitory, to be known as Furnald Hall, is in 
course of erection on South Field, fronting on Broadway 
and adjoining the School of Journalism. The building 
is the gift of Francis P. Furnald, Jr. and his wife, Sarah 
E. Furnald, and is a memorial of their son, Royal Black- 
ler Furnald, who was a member of the Class of 1901, 
Columbia College. In size and general appearance the 
building will resemble Hartley Hall, except that it will 
have a Hght basement, which will be fitted up with 
dressing-rooms, lockers, and showers for the use of ath- 
letic teams. It will accommodate about 300 students and 
is expected to be ready for occupancy in September, 191 3. 

The building of the School of Journalism, which is to 
occupy a site at the northwest corner of South Field on 
1 1 6th Street and Broadway, is now in process of construc- 
tion, the funds for the erection of the building and the 
endowment of the School having been provided by the 
gift and bequest of Joseph Pulitzer (Architects: McKim, 
Mead & White) . The purpose of the donor as expressed 
by him was to "estabhsh a School of Journalism which 



70 SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM 

will furnish technical and professional instruction in 
journalism." A course of instruction has been formu- 
lated by a Committee of the Faculty, acting in coopera- 
tion with an Advisory Board composed of representative 
journalists, and approved by the Trustees, and the 
School has been placed under the charge of an adminis- 
trative board. Instruction will be commenced in 
September, 19 12, though the building will not be com- 
pleted until the following year. The building will be 
constructed of brick and Indian limestone, and in size 
and general architectural design will resemble Hamilton 
Hall. The entrance will be on the south front, consisting 
of three doors grouped under a portico of massive columns 
and opening into a spacious vestibule. The building 
will be four stories in height and will contain a library 
similar to the College Study, but containing a collection 
of books selected with especial reference to the needs 
of students of journalism, a newspaper reading-room, 
containing files of all the more important papers, and a 
number of lecture-rooms and offices. The University 
book store and a press-room will occupy space in the 
basement. 



EAST FIELD 

The lower half of the block to the east of the 
Quadrangle, and bounded by ii6th and 117th Streets, 
Amsterdam Avenue, and Momingside Avenue, was pur- 
chased in 1 9 1 o. On the northwesterly corner of Morning- 
side Avenue and 11 6th Street an official Residence for 
the President of the University was erected in 191 2. It 
occupies a site 100 ft.x50 ft. and overlooks Morning- 
side Park. The architects were McKim, Mead & White, 
and it is similar in material and architecture to the 
other buildings of the University, but more domestic in 
character. It will constitute the center of the social life 
of the University. Pending the permanent development 
of the remainder of the block a green-house has been 
erected for the use of the department of botany, and a 
tennis-court has been laid out. 

On the north side of 1 17th Street, between Amsterdam 
Avenue and Morningside Park, are a number of dwelling- 
houses, most of which are used or occupied directly or 
indirectly for academic purposes. Four of the houses 
are the property of the University. The Chaplain of 
the University (No. 413) and the Dean of Columbia 
College (No. 415) are provided with residences which 
enable these officers to come into closer social contact 

71 



'J2 EAST FIELD 

with the students than would otherwise be possible. 
The Deutsches Haus (No. 419), the gift of Edward 
D. Adams, is a center of Germanic culture. It con- 
tains a bureau of academic information, an excel- 
lent library of contemporary German literature, and 
a reading-room equipped with the leading German 
magazines and newspapers and a valuable collec- 
tion of clippings; it is the headquarters of the Ger- 
manistic Society of America, and is provided with a 
suite of rooms for the resident Kaiser- Wilhelm pro- 
fessor, who comes to Columbia upon nomination of the 
Prussian ministry of education, and also for the annual 
guest of the Germanistic Society. The editorial rooms 
of the Columbia University Quarterly are also in 
this building. The fourth house (No. 407) is at 
present occupied by the Carnegie Endowment for the 
Advancement of Peace, for which President Butler is 
acting as director, and by the American Association for 
International Conciliation. There are also in the row the 
private residences of several University officers, and the 
chapter houses of two Greek-letter fraternities. 



STUDENT AND ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 

Student Board of Representatives, composed of nine 
members elected by the students from the various 
schools. It aims to express the opinion and wishes of the 
students, to regulate and control student activities, and 
to act as a medium between the students and the Uni- 
versity authorities. 

College Forum is an informal organization composed 
of the Faculty and students of Columbia College meet- 
ing from time to time to discuss questions affecting 
the interests of the College and the students. 

Kings Crown is the general society of undergraduates 
having for its object the fostering of Columbia spirit 
and the promotion of social intercourse between the 
students of the different Schools. Hereafter it is also 
to exercise a supervision over all non-athletic activities. 
At its regular meetings addresses are delivered by promi- 
nent alumni and others and matters of University interest 
are discussed. 

Columbia University Athletic Association represents 
and supervises all branches of athletics and is charged 
with the raising and disbursement of funds for the sup- 

73 



74 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 

port of all the teams. Membership in the Association 
is open to all students and alumni (Annual dues $io) 
and gives admission to all home games and contests, and 
to the privileges of the rowing club. It is under the 
direction of a Board composed of students and alumni, 
and a Graduate Manager has charge of its funds. Sub- 
sidiary associations represent special interests, such as 
rowing, baseball, basket-ball, soccer foot-ball, track 
athletics, wrestling, and swimming. On the shore of 
the Hudson, opposite 115th Street is the Boat-house 
(loi ft. X 50 ft. X 353^^ ft. Erected 1895. The 
gift of Edwin Gould of the Class of '88, School of 
Mines. Architect: Henry C. Pelton). It is reached 
from Riverside Drive by a path through the park 
and a bridge across the tracks of the New York 
Central railway. The lower floor contains racks for 
the shells, canoes, and other craft, and the upper floors 
are devoted to dressing- and bathing-rooms. There 
is an upper veranda from which a splendid view of the 
Hudson can be obtained. Owing to the prevailing 
northwest wind, the Varsity and Freshman crews do 
their training on the west side of the river in the lee of 
the Palisades and have quarters at Edgewater on the 
New Jersey shore. The boat-house therefore is used 
mostly by individual oarsmen and canoeists and, par- 
ticularly in the spring months, as a student meeting 
place. 

Columbia University Christian Association is directly 
connected with the Y. M. C. A. and carries on the work 
of that organization in connection with the University. 
Its offices and rooms are in Earl Hall (page 55) where it 






STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 75 

holds receptions, teas, and other social meetings for the 
students, maintains a Board and Room Directory, holds 
classes for Bible study, mission and welfare work, 
stenography and typewriting, and first aid to the in- 
jured. The Association cooperates in the work of 
various settlements and Boys' Clubs and in visiting 
city institutions, and in Summer transfers its activi- 
ties to Camp Columbia (page 123). Other organiza- 
tions of like character but formed for special purposes 
are: 

The Churchman's Association, the Newman Club, 
and a Chapter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. 

LITERARY AND DRAMATIC SOCIETIES 

Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest of American literary socie- 
ties, was founded at William and Mary College in 1776 
and organized a chapter at Columbia in 1869. Its 
membership is limited to students of the highest rank 
in scholarship. 

Delta Sigma Phi was formed to encourage "Sincere 
and effective public speaking." 

Philolexian Society, founded in 1802, meets weekly for 
the reading of papers, and for debating. It also conducts 
the competitions for the George William Curtis medals 
and has rendered several old English plays. 

Peithologian Society, founded in 1806, has for its 
object literary discussion and the promotion of a literary 
spirit on the Campus. 

Barnard Literary Association was organized in 1877 
and holds weekly meetings for social and literary pur- 
poses and for debating. It has also given several 
Irish plays. 



76 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 

The Scribblers was formed in 1908 to stimulate 
literary compositions among undergraduates, and meet- 
ings are held fortnightly for the reading of papers. 

Columbia University Players is the dramatic asso- 
ciation of the University and gives annually a play 
or musical comedy written and composed by under- 
graduates. 

MUSICAL SOCIETIES 

Glee Club, composed of about thirty men, is under 
the control of the University, and affords training in 
vocal music under competent direction. The club 
gives annually a number of concerts. 

Mandolin Club is under the same general management 
and gives concerts in cooperation with the Glee Club. 

Notes and Keys was founded in 1909 to exercise a gen- 
eral supervision over the musical clubs and to encourage 
college singing. To this end it offers annually a silver 
cup which is competed for by the different classes. 

Philharmonic Society is a general musical society and 
maintains the Philharmonic Orchestra, which is con- 
ducted by the Professor of Music, and furnishes the 
music at all University functions, besides giving one or 
more concerts each year. 

SOCIAL CLUBS 

Deutscher Verein is composed of the students and 
officers interested in German and holds frequent social 
meetings and gives plays in German. 

La Societe Franfaise is of similar character but is 
devoted to the interests of French in the University. 

The Politics Club seeks to arouse interest in civics and 



STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 77 

to inform its members in the problems of practical 
politics. Monthly meetings are held for addresses on 
political topics and discussion. 

Western Club includes men and women and exists 
"to promote the Western brand of good fellowship." 

Women's Graduate Club, composed of women gradu- 
ate students, occupies rooms in the Philosophy Building, 
where tea is served on several afternoons each week, 
and where social meetings are held. The Club exercises 
a general care over the interests of women students and 
assists them to obtain employment when desired. 

Women's English Club of women students and officers 
interested in the study of Enghsh, meets fortnightly for 
the reading and discussion of papers. 

Men's English Club of men students and officers in 
the same department, has like purposes. 

Latin American Society, composed of students from 
Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America, is a literary 
and social organization and gives plays in Spanish. 

Chinese Club, composed of students from China, is of 
similar character, recently organized, and has given a 
successful performance. 

Ottoman Club of students from Eastern Europe and 
Asia, is a social and literary organization. 

Pulitzer Club is composed of press representatives, 
its object being to maintain an esprit du corps among the 
newspaper correspondents of the University and prevent 
the circulation of unauthorized or garbled reports of 
University affairs. 

STUDENT PUBLICATIONS 

The Spectator is the daily newspaper of the University 



78 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 

and contains reports of all current events and editorial 
comment. The office of the paper is in the basement of 
West Hall. Subscription $2.50 if paid before November 
1st; $3.50 if paid after that date. 

Columbia Monthly, the undergraduate literary 
magazine of the University, contains essays, short 
stories, poems, and book reviews. It aims to give 
expression to the best literary efforts of the student body. 
Annual subscription $1. 

The Jester is an illustrated comic paper, and aims to 
satirize University happenings by humorous comment, 
jokes, and drawings. 

The Dorms is a weekly publication issued in the 
interest of the men living in the dormitories. 

Columbia Law Review, a monthly conducted by the 
students of the Law School, containing papers on legal 
questions carefully prepared by the editorial staff and 
members of the Bar, and comment and discussion of 
recent decisions. 

The Columbian is an annual publication in handsome 
book form issued by a board of editors from the junior 
classes of College, Science, and Architecture, containing 
a compendium of University events of the year, personal 
notices of members of the classes, and membership 
lists of the fraternities and other organizations. 

SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES 

Engineering Society endeavors to advance original 
work and study among engineering students, and its 
meetings are devoted to informal lectures and dis- 
cussions. 



ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 79 

Senior Mining Society, founded in 1902, aims to keep 
its members in touch with the most recent theories and 
practices of mining engineering. 

The Electrical Engineering Society, the Mechanical 
Engineering Society, and the Civil Engineering Society 
are organized for similar purposes in their respective 
fields. 

Columbia University Architectural Society exists for 
social purposes and the discussion of questions of archi- 
tectural problems of design and construction and the 
dissemination of information as to advanced methods of 
building. 

The Fraternities. A directory of the men's fraterni- 
ties having chapters in the University will be found on 
page 129. 

ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 

Alumni Council was estabhshed in 1895 "to extend 
the knowledge of the University and its work ; to establish 
closer relations between the alumni and the University, 
by aiding the formation of alumni associations and other- 
wise; to represent the alumni generally in matters in 
which all of the schools of the University are concerned ; 
to take charge of general meetings of the alumni of the 
University ; and to further such measures as in its judg- 
ment will tend to promote the interests of the university 
in its several parts." The Council also keeps the 
official record of alumni associations, of which there are 
forty-five, in this country, Europe, and Asia, and arranges 
for meetings of representatives of the committee to 
nominate Alumni Trustees. A list of the associations 



8o ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 

is published from time to time in the Columbia Alumni 
News which is issued weekly by the Council during the 
Academic year. The Council is composed of fifteen 
members appointed by the Alumni Associations of the 
College, Law, Medicine, Applied Science, and Philo- 
sophy, and its officers are John Howard Van Amringe, 
'60, Chairman; William C. Demorest, '81, Vice-Chair- 
man; Gustavus T. Kirby, '95, Treasurer; George Brokaw 
Compton, '09, Secretary. Office of the Council and of 
the Alumni News, Room 311, East Hall. Visiting 
alumni are invited to call at the office and register. 

Columbia University Club, No. 18 Gramercy Park, 
incorporated on September 30, 1901, its special pur- 
pose being to promote social intercourse among its 
members, to further the interests and in general to 
uphold the influence of Columbia University. Every 
man who has received a degree from the University, 
incorporated as " The Trustees of Columbia College in the 
City of New York, " or who has been a regular or special 
student for at least one year and whose class has gradu- 
ated or who has been an officer of the University for at 
least one year, is eligible to membership. 

The Club owns and occupies a spacious club-house, 
situated on the corner of Irving Place and 20th Street, 
fronting on Gramercy Park, which serves as a meeting 
place for numerous alumni organizations as well as for 
the members. A club dinner is held monthly, followed 
by music and informal illustrated talks by members of 
the University on explorations, scientific discoveries, etc. ; 
and most of the class dinners are given in the Club. In 
summer meals are served in an open-air dining-room. 



I 



ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 8l 

Two squash courts afford opportunity for exercise, and 
a number of bedrooms provide accommodations both 
transient and permanent. The Club numbers 1267 
members. The present officers are President, John 
Howard Van Amringe, '60; Vice-President, James Duane 
Livingston, '80; Secretary, Perry D. Bogue, '06; Treas- 
urer, J. H. Heroy, '02. 

6 



BARNARD COLLEGE 

Historical Note. Higher education for women owes 
its origin at Columbia very largely to President Frederick 
A. P. Barnard, who in 1879 became its advocate and 
whose efforts resulted, in 1884, in the establishment of a 
Collegiate Course for Women. This was followed, in 
1889, by the incorporation of Barnard College as a 
distinct institution, but closely related to Columbia, 
through the instruction of its students by Columbia 
professors and the awarding to them of Columbia degrees. 
The College was estabhshed at 343 Madison Avenue and 
remained there for several years, but accompanied the 
University on its removal to Morningside Heights, and 
since then has developed with remarkable rapidity, both 
physically and educationally. In 1900, a closer alliance 
between Barnard College and the University was effected, 
by which the College became part of the educational 
system of the University and under its administration, 
though still retaining its corporate identity. At the 
present time Barnard is an undergraduate College for 
women in the same sense that Columbia College is an 
undergraduate College for men and under the same gen- 
eral educational control, each College having its own 
faculty and conducting its undergraduate courses in- 
dependently of the other. In graduate work the Univer- 

82 



MILBANK QUADRANGLE 83 

sity makes no distinction between men and women, 
and women are admitted to graduate courses on the 
same footing as men. All degrees are conferred by the 
University. 

Barnard College is situated on Broadway, immediately 
west of the University and occupies the land extending 
from 1 1 6th to 120th Street, partially enclosing Milbank 
Quadrangle, the gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Milbank Ander- 
son, and named in her honor. The land is historic, as 
it is the exact site, so far as historians have been able to 
determine, of the "buckwheat field" upon which was 
fought the Battle of Harlem Heights, the first in which 
Washington's troops defeated the British, on September 
16, 1776, and the event is commemorated by a tablet on 
one of the University buildings on Broadway, which was 
formerly known as the Bloomingdale Road. Even- 
tually the quadrangle is to be surrounded by buildings, 
but at present it serves as a garden and athletic field and 
for tennis-courts. A bronze sun-dial was the gift of the 
Class of 1907, and a marble bench is the memorial of 
the Class of 1909. The rows of Norway maples were 
given by the Class of 19 10, and the flag-pole by the Class 
of 191 1 . At the northerly end of the site on 1 19th Street 
are situated the three academic buildings of the College, 
thus far erected, comprising Milbank, which forms 
the center, and Fiske and Brinckerhoff, which are con- 
nected with it as wings. All of these buildings are built 
of over-burned brick, Indiana limestone, and terra cotta, 
in the style of the Renaissance. 

Milbank Hall (erected 1896. The gift of Mrs. A. A. An- 
derson in honor of her parents. Architects: Lamb & 



84 MILBANK HALL 

Rich). The building (119 ft. x 65 ft. x 84 ft.) is entered 
through a pillared hall, paved in marble, which leads on 
the left to the offices of the dean, the secretary, and the 
bursar of the College, and on the right to the offices of 
the provost and registrar, and to the Trustees' Room. 
The walls of this hall are hung with a collection of Piranesi 
engravings, the gift of Mrs. A. A. Anderson, and several 
casts of sculpture by Florentine artists of the fifteenth 
and sixteenth centuries. In a niche is a cast of Veroc- 
chio's David, beside which hangs a bas-relief of a 
Madonna and Child by Benedetto da Majano. At the 
foot of the staircase is another bas-relief of a Madonna 
by Mino da Fiesole, and on the first landing is a bas- 
relief of the Ascension by Lucca della Robbia, and 
another group from a tympanum in the church of San 
Jacopo di Ripoli at Florence. The two fragments of a 
frieze, on the same landing, are from the Forum of Trajan. 
In the Trustees' Room are a bust of the Reverend Arthur 
Brooks, the first chairman of the Board of Trustees, and 
portraits of Miss Laura Drake Gill, dean of the College 
from 1 90 1 to 1907, of President Frederick A. P. Barnard, 
and of Mr. Silas B. Brownell, chairman of the Board of 
Trustees of Barnard College, painted by his daughter. 
Miss Matilda Brownell. In this room is hung also a 
plan of the proposed buildings. 

On the second floor are the Ella Weed Reading- 
RooMs, occupying four large rooms on the north side of 
the corridor. The first of these rooms was equipped by 
the Associate Alumna of Barnard College as a library and 
dedicated to the memory of Miss Ella Weed, trustee and 
chairman of the Academic Committee from the founding 
of the College until her death in 1894. -^ tablet over 



BRINCKERHOFF HALL 85 

the fireplace records the memorial. The room to the 
east was equipped by the Class of 1903, as is stated by a 
tablet on the east wall. The reading-room contains 
about seven thousand volumes, a large number of which 
have been given by the Classes of 1901, 1903, 1904, and 
1905. The periodical case, in which is kept a fairly com- 
plete file of the most important of modem periodicals 
in English, French, and German, was the gift of the Class 
of 1900. On the same floor are also the freshman, junior, 
and senior studies, decorated with the banners, pictures, 
and trophies ^of the three classes. The third floor is 
devoted entirely to recitation rooms and to the offices of 
the departments of economics and mathematics. On the 
fourth floor are the laboratories and offices of the depart- 
ment of zoology, also a large laboratory for the elementary 
course and a smaller one for advanced work in physiology. 

Connecting with Milbank on the east is Brinckerhoff 
Hall (166 ft. X 55H ft. X 78 ft. Erected 1896. The 
gift of Mrs. Van Wyck Brinckerhoff. Architects: Lamb 
& Rich) . Part of the building is occupied by a Theater, 
two stories high, with a gallery, having a seating capacity 
of about five hundred, and much used by the students for 
plays as well as for other College functions. Outside 
the door of the theater is placed a bronze tablet, erected 
in 1909 by the American subscribers to the Memorial 
Fund for Mrs. Craigie, the EngHsh noveHst. The tablet 
shows a bas-reHef portrait of Mrs. Craigie by A. Drury, 
with the inscription: 

PEARL MARY-TERESA CRAIGIE (jOHN OLIVER HOBBEs), 
NOV. 3, I867-AUG. 13, 1906. A TRIBUTE TO HER 
MEMORY FROM HER MANY FRIENDS. I908. 



86 FISKE HALL 

On this floor and the one above are the undergraduate 
study, furnished chiefly by the proceeds of undergraduate 
plays, and the senior and sophomore studies, and the 
geology department. The third floor is devoted to the 
department of botany, with a lecture room and labora- 
tories for physiology and morphology, offices, and a dark 
room for physiological and photographic purposes, and 
a herbarium. In the main corridor are a series of photo- 
graphs presented by the Barnard Botanical Club, illus- 
trating types of vegetation in different parts of the world. 
The bronze tablet in the physiological laboratory to Miss 
Emily L. Gregory, the first woman professor to teach at 
Barnard, is the gift of the Club. The fourth floor con- 
tains part of the zoological laboratories and the rooms 
devoted to experimental psychology. 

Connecting with Milbank on the west, and similar in 
size and design to Brinckerhoff, is Fiske Hall (erected 1897. 
The gift of Mrs. Josiah M. Fiske. Architects: Lamb 
& Rich). On the ground floor are the lecture rooms 
and offices of the English department; on the second, 
the physics department, with a lecture room, a photo- 
graphic dark room, and laboratories in physics. The 
history department occupies lecture rooms on the third 
floor. The fourth floor contains the chemical labora- 
tories, including a large laboratory for elementary work, 
a room for qualitative and quantitative analysis, a gen- 
eral organic laboratory and one for special work, a 
balance room, store room, and offices for the instructors. 
A reference library for the use of the students is kept in 
one of the offices, and includes the important journals as 
well as the necessary books. In the basement are an 



BROOKS HALL 87 

electrical laboratory, the lunch rooms for students and 
faculty, and the kitchens. 

At the lower end of the quadrangle on 11 6th Street is 
Brooks Hall (122 ft. x 43 ft. x 100 ft. Erected 1906. 
Named in honor of the Rev. Arthur Brooks. Architect: 
Charles A. Rich). This building was opened in Septem- 
ber, 1907. An anonymous donor gave $150,000 toward 
the cost, and the remainder was furnished by the College. 
When completed, it will have wings extending toward 
the north, enclosing a small terrace. The entrance is 
on the campus under a colonnade, two stories high, which 
runs across the north side of the building. The hallway 
leads, on the right, to the cloak-room and office, on the 
left, past three small parlors to the large drawing-room, 
the general assembly room of the residents. Over the 
fireplace hangs an oil painting of Miss Emily L. Gregory, 
professor of botany from 1889 to 1897, painted by Henry 
R. Rittenberg, the gift of Dr. Henry Kraemer of Phila- 
delphia. Engravings after portraits by Reynolds and 
Hoppner hang on the walls of this room. Folding doors 
open into the dining-room, a spacious room with walnut 
panelling and high French windows. The mezzanine 
floor contains the rooms of the staff, and a reading-room 
for the students. Above are five bedroom floors, con- 
taining ninety rooms in all, with outside exposure, lighted 
by electricity and heated by steam, and completely fur- 
nished. On the ninth floor is a well-equipped infirmary. 
The Hall is self-governing; the students select an ex- 
ecutive committee of nine members, which carries out 
the regulations of the house relating to conduct and 
order. 



88 STUDENT ACTIVITIES 

Student Activities in Barnard. Dramatics are the 
most popular of the student activities at Barnard; and 
the well-equipped stage in Brinckerhoff Theater is in 
use most of the year, from the Sophomore and Junior 
Plays in the fall to the Freshman Vaudeville Show and 
the Shakespearean Undergraduate Play in the spring. 
Next to plays, athletics claim much attention. There 
are interclass basket-ball contests in the Thompson 
gymnasium and hockey games on the stretch of campus 
between Brooks Hall and Milbank quadrangle. The 
swimming pool at Teachers College is used by Bar- 
nard students at certain hours of the day and an an- 
nual swimming meet between the classes is held in the 
spring. The winners add a number of points to their 
record on Field Day when the four classes compete on 
the campus in jumping, shot-putting, hurdling, running, 
and tennis. The other athletic event is the Greek Games, 
a contest between the Sophomores and Freshmen held in 
the Columbia Gymnasium. At the "Games," the two 
classes compete in discus-throwing, torch-race, stilt-race, 
Greek chorus and dance, and in lyrics to the appropriate 
goddess of the sport. The numerous clubs at Barnard 
are connected with the various branches of study. 
There are a Deutsches Kreis, a Societe Frangaise, a 
Philosophy Club, and a Classical Club ; the Daughters of 
the American Revolution flourish along with the Socialist 
Club and the Equal Suffrage League. There are an elec- 
tive English Club for seniors and a society, started by 
the English Department, which meets around the fire in 
the Ella Weed Library two nights every month. And in 
connection with the literary activities are the Barnard 
Bulletin, a weekly news sheet, the Barnard Bear, a lit- 



STUDENT ACTIVITIES 89 

erary monthly, and the Mortarboard, the annual pubHshed 
by the Junior Class. There are also at Barnard eight 
flourishing national fraternities. 



TEACHERS COLLEGE 

Historical Note. Teachers College is the profes- 
sional school of education for the University and from it 
has recently been differentiated a technical school in the 
Practical Arts. Teachers College had its origin in the 
Industrial Education Association, formed in 1884, to give 
instruction in the elementary home economies and 
manual arts to children who were receiving no such 
guidance either in school or home. It was soon found 
that the most effective way to promote instruction in the 
manual arts in the public schools would be to provide 
adequately trained teachers. As early as 1 88 1 , President 
Barnard had proposed to the Trustees of Columbia 
College that "the science and art of education" be in- 
cluded in the curriculum, and in 1886 the establish- 
ment of "a teachers college on a university basis" was 
under consideration. These two lines of endeavor 
coalesced in 1887 and the New York College for the 
Training of Teachers was incorporated, the title being 
changed later to Teachers College. Professor Nicholas 
Murray Butler, of Columbia, was made the first president 
and the new College was opened at No. 9 University 
Place. These quarters became inadequate in 1894 and 
the College then moved to the present site, between 
Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, on the north side of 
1 20th Street. 

90 



TEACHERS COLLEGE 9 1 

From the first there was a continuous advance in the 
character of the work done, professional and technical; 
in the demands made on the institution ; and in the num- 
bers and equipment of the student body. During Dr. 
Butler's administration (1890) an alliance had been 
entered into between Columbia University and Teachers 
College, whereby students of either institution might 
elect courses in the other and have these courses counted 
as fulfilling requirements for a degree or diploma, and 
when Columbia University came to its new site, a closer 
alliance was effected. Under the terms of the new alli- 
ance, which later was made to include Barnard College 
also, students of Columbia and Barnard were free to 
elect professional courses in Teachers College; students 
in Teachers College could elect subjects in Columbia and 
Barnard, and admission requirements to Teachers Col- 
lege were placed definitely on a par with the requirements 
of other colleges. 

By 19 12, the two lines of work which the College had 
fostered from the first had become so fully developed, 
the student body so large, and the demands upon the 
College so diverse, that the professional and the technical 
work was divided, and two schools — one of education, 
one of practical arts — were established, each under its 
own faculty. The technical work of the School of Prac- 
tical Arts is described in the sections upon the Household 
Arts Building and the Macy Building (pp. 94, 95). 

The professional aspect of the College work has devel- 
oped since 1897. The enrollment of matriculated stu- 
dents has increased from 169 in 1897-8 to 1623 in the 
year 1911-12. In addition there were more than 400 
registrations in the College from other faculties of the 



92 TEACHERS COLLEGE 

University. Graduate students have increased from 30 
in 1897 to 344 in 1911-12, of which 78 were candidates 
for the Ph.D. These graduates represent 186 different 
colleges and universities. The distribution of the 
appointments made from the graduates each year is a 
further indication of the development. These have 
increased from 127 in 1900 to 672 in 1911-12. Of these 
appointments, no were to colleges and universities. 
More than 12,000 persons, most of whom are in the 
teaching profession of this country, have received a 
year or more of professional training in the College. 

The first of the buildings to be built was the 
Teachers College Main Building (169 ft. x 132 ft. x 88 ft. 
Erected 1894. Architect: William A. Potter). This 
building is on the north side of 120th Street, midway 
between Amsterdam Avenue and Broadway. 

Description. On the first floor are located the general 
administration offices, the Trustees' Room, social rooms 
for the women students, and one for the men students, 
an office for the representatives of the various student 
organizations, and a large room used for receptions and 
general social purposes, and for the kindergarten of the 
Horace Mann School. 

The second floor is given to recitation and lecture rooms 
and to the Educational Museum, which contains perma- 
nent exhibits of materials relating to modern school appli- 
ances and to various phases of the history of education, 
including manuscripts, autographs, photographs, books, 
apparatus, and a stereopticon collection of over seven 
thousand slides. The room is used chiefly for special ex- 
hibits each lasting for a few weeks. The attendance on 



MILBANK BUILDING 93 

these during each year is about five thousand. Among 
the recent exhibits have been : the work of the Schools of 
the PhiHppine Islands, loaned by the War Department; 
and an exhibit of conditions of employment by the 
Consumers League and the Child Labor Committee. 

The Bryson Library occupies most of the third floor, 
and contains the most extensive collection of books and 
pamphlets relating to education to be found in this 
country, numbering over 84,000 volumes. About 225 
periodicals, chiefly educational, are on file in the reading- 
room. Several departmental libraries also exist, the 
largest being a collection of 6000 volumes for the new 
School of Practical Arts. 

The fourth floor is occupied by laboratories and class 
rooms devoted to physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, and 
geography. A collection of over 1600 photographic 
reproductions of famous buildings and works of art, 
hung in the corridors, class-rooms, and offices, is a notable 
feature of the building. In the east end of the main 
corridor is a memorial window to Mrs. Charlotte L. 
Williams. 

Adjoining the Main Building on the west is The 
Milbank Building (146 ft. x 52 ft. x 88 ft. Erected 
1897. The gift of Joseph Milbank. Architect : William A. 
Potter). This is used for purposes of general instruction, 
most of the four floors being occupied with recitation and 
lecture rooms. 

Description. On the first floor is the Milbank 
Chapel, a beautifully decorated room, seating about 
250, in which services are held each day at noon, and in 
which frequent concerts and recitals are also given. The 



94 MACY BUILDING 

chapel is a memorial to Jeremiah and Elizabeth Lane 
Milbank. A set of tubular chimes in the chapel are a 
memorial to Mary D. Runyan, an instructor in the 
kindergarten from 1896 to 1905. The Bryson Library 
occupies a portion of the third floor. 

The north side of the central square is formed by the 
Macy Manual Arts Building (erected 1896. The gift of 
Mrs. Josiah Macy. Architect : WilHam A. Potter. 146 ft. 
X 74 ft. X 88 ft.). 

Description. The basement and first three floors 
are occupied by the School of Industrial Arts and the 
fourth floor by the department of fine arts. The base- 
ment also provides three large metal- working laboratories, 
a forge-room, a foundry, and a metal-working room. 
On the first floor are situated the offices of the director 
of technical education, a machine shop, and a wood- 
turning and pattern-making shop. The second floor 
contains the wood-working and cabinet-making shop, 
the silversmith and jewelry shop, the industrial arts room 
with equipment and illustrative collections for training 
teachers in the constructive activities of the elementary 
school in paper, wood, clay, textiles, and metal ; and the 
book-binding room. On the third floor are the draft- 
ing room, and a full collection of geometrical models 
and other machine parts; the photographic dark-room, 
and lecture rooms and offices. The fourth floor provides 
three studios for the flne arts department, together with 
the departmental exhibition room and service rooms. 
Elsewhere are provided the ceramic laboratory; also 
in the Household Arts Building, the textile laboratory, 
and the library of the School of Industrial Arts. In 1912, 



HOUSEHOLD ARTS BUILDING 95 

the school became a department of the School of Practical 
Arts. 

The School offered sixty-four courses in 191 2, given by 
a staff of forty-six persons. A four-year course in aca- 
demic subjects and in vocational fields is offered. A 
feature of the School is the series of evening technical 
courses in industry. These are intended for young men 
engaged in industrial pursuits who desire to advance 
themselves in their callings, or to fit themselves as 
trade teachers. 

Adjoining the Macy Manual Arts Building on the east 
is the Household Arts Building (erected 1909. Archi- 
tects: Parish & Schroeder). 

Description. This building (153 ft. x 57 ft.) contains 
a comprehensive and fully equipped plant for research 
and instruction in the sciences and arts related to the 
household. In the basement are the housewifery and 
laundry laboratories, each 30 ft. x 45 ft., the latter in- 
tended for training in domestic and institutional laundry 
methods. On the first floor are two large lecture rooms, 
the Industrial Arts and Household Arts Library of six 
thousand volumes, and the offices of instructors in 
educational courses. 

The department of foods and cookery occupies the 
entire second floor, with four cooking laboratories, a 
table-service laboratory, and an experimental cooking 
laboratory and service rooms. The third floor is devoted 
to the department of textiles and clothing with five 
laboratories for instruction in garment-making, dress- 
making, and millinery, a student work-room, and a 
departmental store. The departments of household 



96 THOMPSON BUILDING 

chemistry, physiological chemistry and nutrition are 
quartered on the fourth floor, as well as laboratories in 
household and physiological chemistry, while a research 
nutrition laboratory is provided on the fifth floor. The 
fifth floor also has three studios for household art design, 
and decoration and costume design, a textile laboratory 
for chemical and microscopic work and for dyeing, and a 
demonstration apartment consisting of a series of four 
rooms arranged like a typical city apartment. 

In 1 91 2, a course in hospital economics for graduate 
nurses was established, and in the same year the School 
was made a department of the School of Practical Arts. 

On 1 20th Street, adjoining the Milbank Building on 
the west, is the Thompson Building (erected 1904. The 
gift of Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson. Architects: Parish 
& Schroeder). This building (i 10 ft. x 84 ft. x 913^ ft.) 
houses the various departments of hygiene and physical 
training. These include: (i) theoretical instruction of 
professional students of both sexes in educational hygiene 
and physical education; (2) practical instruction in physi- 
cal training; (3) facilities for physical education of pupils, 
both boys and girls, of the Horace Mann School ; for the 
women students of Teachers College and Barnard College 
and graduate women students of the University. The 
general purpose and spirit of this building are indicated 
by the inscription, on the fagade, of the classic motto — ■ 
"Mens Sana in Corpore Sano." 

Description. On the first floor are found the recep- 
tion room and office of the director of the building and 
the College physician; a general lecture room, students' 
study and social room, the recorder's room with health 




4 



WHITTIER HALL 97 

records, the room for testing vision and hearing, and 
additional offices for officers of the department. In the 
entrance hall is the portrait of Mr. Thompson in marble 
relief by Augustus St. Gaudens: four relief panels in Caen 
stone by Domingo Mora, illustrating epochs in the history 
of physical education, and a life-sized copy in marble of 
the Discobolus. On the second floor are three large- 
sized exercise rooms, a physiological laboratory, and an 
anatomical laboratory and class-room. The third floor 
contains offices; a suite of rooms for corrective and 
medical gymnastics; dressing-room.s with lockers and 
shower baths. The main gymnasium is on the fourth 
floor, also exercise halls, and offices. The basement of 
the building contains hand-ball courts, three bowling 
alleys, and the power-room. At the rear of the building, 
under a skylight, is a swimming pool (60 ft. x 28 ft.), 
with shower baths and dressing-rooms. 

On Amsterdam Avenue, between 120th and 121st 
Streets, adjoining Teachers College on the east, is 
WhittierHall (202 ft. x 100 ft. x 130 ft. Erected 1901. 
Architects: Bruce Price & J. M. A. Darrach). This 
is the residence hall for the women students and officers 
of any department of the University. 

Description. The structure is fireproof, ten stories 
in height, especially designed and constructed for stu- 
dents' use. Every room is well lighted, and the arrange- 
ment is such that rooms may be rented singly or in suites 
of two or three. The building is heated by steam and 
lighted by electricity. There are complete telephone 
and elevator services, a system of shower, needle, and 
tub-baths on each floor, and a steam laundry. The 



98 HORACE MANN SCHOOL 

public parlors and reception rooms are on the main floor. 
The dining-rooms and restaurant are on the ninth floor 
and command extensive views over the city and the 
East River. Adjoining Whittier Hall are the Lowell 
and the Emerson apartment houses, which are occupied 
mainly by families of the University faculty. The 
students in Whittier Hall are under the care of the social 
director of Teachers College, who lives in the Hall, and 
the resident nurse, a woman of training and experience, 
has general charge of the physical welfare of the house- 
hold. About four hundred and fifty students are accom- 
modated each year. This number is soon to be increased 
by including some of the apartments of Lowell and 
Emerson. 

The Horace Mann School was estabhshed by Teachers 
College in 1887 as a school of observation and practice, 
but the practice teaching of the students is now done only 
in the Speyer School, at 94 Lawrence Street, which is 
also under the control of Teachers College. The Horace 
Mann School, consisting of a kindergarten, a seven-year 
elementary course, and a five-year high-school course, is 
still the school of observation for the students of Teachers 
College. Here they may see, under certain restrictions, 
expert teachers at work in all school subjects and in all 
grades. The course of study includes almost all of the 
subjects contained in modern schools, special attention 
being given in the elementary school to the industrial 
and fine arts. In the high school, although the primary 
purpose of the founders and of the present administration 
has never been to make of it a college preparatory school, 
the wishes of the parents and the students have tended 



HORACE MANN SCHOOL 99 

to emphasize academic lines of study and nine tenths or 
more of the students, both boys and girls, enter college. 
The Horace Mann School Building (erected in 1901. 
The gift of Mr. and Mrs. V. Everit Macy. Architects : 
Howells & Stokes, and Edgar H. Josselyn) which occupies 
the entire block front on the west side of Broadway 
between 120th and 121st Streets, is of brick and red 
sandstone and is in the Georgian style of architecture; 
its dimensions are 202 ft. x 100 ft. x 79 ft., and it 
contains five stories and a basement. The first and 
second floors are occupied by the elementary school; 
the third and fourth floors contain the high school, in- 
cluding the school library of three thousand volumes, 
and the fifth floor is devoted to laboratories, studios, and 
social rooms. The kindergarten is on the first floor of 
the main building of Teachers College. The auditorium, 
on the first and second floors, seats one thousand people, 
and is used not only for the chapel exercises of the School, 
but for many University lectures and entertainments. 
Especial attention is given to the physical care of the 
students. Upon entrance and at stated periods they 
receive careful examination by the College physician, 
and their gymnastic work is regulated accordingly. 
During school hours they have the use of five gymnasiums, 
two in the Horace Mann Building and three in the Thomp- 
son Building, and of the swimming pool, bowling alleys, 
and hand-ball courts of the Thompson Building. An 
athletic field near Van Cortlandt Park, with all con- 
veniences for outdoor sports, has recently been bought 
for the School by friends and alumni (page loi). An 
out-of-doors class is also held throughout the school 
year on the roof of the new Practical Arts Building. 



100 SPEYER SCHOOL 

The Speyer School (erected 1902. The gift of James 
Speyer, a trustee of Teachers College. Architect: 
Edgar H. Josselyn. 70 ft. x 49)^ ft. x 83 ft.) is a five- 
story building located at No. 94 Lawrence Street, near 
129th Street, just west of Amsterdam Avenue, in the 
heart of a densely populated industrial district known 
locally as Manhattanville. 

The purpose of the school is twofold: to serve as a 
school of demonstration and experimentation for the 
departments and students of Teachers College; and to 
offer a center for social and neighborhood work among the 
people of this district. A kindergarten of forty children 
and an elementary school of eight grades, with an average 
of twenty pupils to each grade, are maintained. After- 
noon and evening classes for all forms of household arts 
work were attended last year by three hundred and fifty 
women and girls from the neighborhood. A play-room 
with supervision is maintained in the afternoon through- 
out the winter months after school hours with an enroll- 
ment of about four hundred, and during the summer 
months the roof is used as a playground. A district 
nurse resides in the building and ministers to the needs 
of the homes in the immediate community. Rooms are 
also used extensively for club meetings and social pur- 
poses. A school and circulating library of 3200 volumes 
is located in the building and is extensively used. This 
library, known as the Teachers College Alumni Library, 
was established by the Alumni of Teachers College in 
1900, and has been aided each year since by an annual 
grant. 

In the basement of the school building are the gym- 
nasium and baths for boys and girls, and the heating and 



RESIDENCE PARK 1 01 

ventilating plants; on the first floor are the principal's 
office, the library and reading-rooms, and the kinder- 
garten; on the second floor, the class rooms of the first 
four grades of the elementary school and the school 
doctor's and nurse's office; on the third floor, the class 
rooms of the upper four grades of the elementary school, 
and a teachers' rest-room; on the fourth floor, the in- 
dustrial arts work-room, two sewing-rooms, a kitchen 
and a laboratory for housewifery and cookery, and a 
demonstration dining-room; on the fifth floor, living 
apartments for the district nurse, several social workers, 
and a number of teachers of the elementary school ; and 
on the roof, playground apparatus, roof -garden equip- 
ment, and one room occupied by two social workers. 

The school is free, and has grown to be a factor in the 
lives of the people of the neighborhood through their 
participation in its benefits. As a school of observation, 
demonstration, and experimentation, it makes a continu- 
ous contribution to the departments and students of 
Teachers College. 

Residence Park. Teachers College has recently 
acquired about twelve acres of land just north of 246th 
Street and west of the Albany Post-road. The land is 
divided into two well-marked terraces, of which the 
upper one is to be developed as a residential section for 
the teaching staff of the College and its schools. This 
portion of the property is exceptionally well located for 
the purpose, as the land lies higher than Van Cortlandt 
Park, which it overlooks. It is purposed to erect two 
apartment-buildings which will be arranged in part for 
housekeeping and in part for bachelor quarters, several 



102 STUDENT ACTIVITIES 

single houses, a number of two-family houses, and one or 
two four-family houses. Plans for this development are 
now in preparation. The lower terrace has already been 
made into an athletic field, including ten tennis-courts, a 
full-sized football field, and a quarter-mile running track. 
Temporary accommodations in the way of lockers, shower- 
baths, and toilet facilities have been provided for both 
young men and young women, and during the spring 
and fall the field is in constant use by the students of the 
Horace Mann School. 

Student Activities in Teachers College. The Students' 
Executive Council is the centralizing and controlling 
body of all student activities. This Council is made up 
of the presidents of all organizations among the students, 
and meets bi-weekly for the consideration of all student 
affairs. Under the supervision of this Council as such, 
two large subscription dances are given during each year, 
a Harvest Home Festival in October, and a reception to 
new students immediately after registration. Under 
its supervision tea is served daily throughout the year 
in the Students' Social Room, for all members of the 
College. The students' organizations are of two kinds: 
departmental clubs, eight in number, such as the Secon- 
dary Education, Arts and Crafts, and Physical Education 
Clubs; and general organizations, made up of students 
from all departments of the College, such as the Young 
Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations, 
the Dramatic, Basket Ball, and Mandolin Clubs. Of the 
Southern, Western, New England, and Cosmopolitan 
Clubs, which are now University organizations, the three 
last-named had their inception at Teachers College, and 



STUDENT ACTIVITIES I03 

are still largely composed of Teachers College students. 
A stated event of the spring is the play given conjointly 
by the six sororities of the College for the benefit of the 
fund for sending delegates to the annual college confer- 
ence held in June at Silver Bay, Lake George, by the 
National Young Women's Christian Association. Whit- 
tier Hall, the women's residence hall, has its own asso- 
ciation, and gives several house entertainments during 
the year, including small monthly dances. 



COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 

(Tenth Avenue and 59th Street) 

Historical Note. King's College, the colonial pre- 
decessor of Columbia University, established in 1767 the 
second American school of medicine, and conferred in 
1770 the first American degree of doctor of medicine in 
course. Its inspiration came largely from graduates of 
the University of Edinburgh and it was modelled closely 
on the medical schools of the old world. It was tempor- 
arily closed by the Revolutionary War and subsequently 
reopened, but was discontinued in 1813, and the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, established independently in 
1807, was its virtual successor. In i860, the School be- 
came the medical department of Columbia College, and, 
in 1 89 1, this nominal union became a complete merger. 
The requirements for admission, which originally con- 
sisted of a knowledge of the Latin language and "the 
necessary branches of natural philosophy, " now comprise 
a two years' course of college study. Its own course, 
leading to the degree of doctor of medicine, began with 
the required attendance during a few winter months on 
one set of lectures from each of the School's six professors, 
which was repeated during the next year. This was 
gradually increased by the extension of the college year 

104 



MEDICAL SCHOOL 105 

and the addition of other requirements. In 1888, a third 
3^ear, and, in 1894, a fourth year of required study were 
added. The first and second years are devoted chiefly to 
the basal medical sciences, such as anatomy, physiology, 
organic, physical, and physiological chemistry, pathology, 
bacteriology, and pharmacology, while the study of 
physical diagnosis, medicine, surgery, and obstetrics is 
begun. During the third year, pathology, diagnosis, 
therapeutics, and various branches of practical medicine 
and surgery are studied both didactically and clinically. 
The fourth year is spent almost wholly in hospitals and 
dispensaries. Since 1 769 the degree of doctor of medicine 
has been conferred upon 7599 men. During the present 
year (1912), the students number 376. 

Beginning in 1877 with the pathological laboratory, 
extensive laboratories for teaching and research have 
been gradually introduced into all the scientific depart- 
ments. Hospital instruction began with the establish- 
ment of the New York Hospital in 1791, which was 
founded at the suggestion of Dr. Samuel Bard, one 
of the first professors in the School, for purposes of 
education as well as treatment, and now includes most 
of the numerous hospitals of the city. In 191 1, an 
alliance was effected between the University and the 
Presbyterian Hospital by which the professional work 
of the hospital came under the controlling influence 
of the University. Two most important auxiliaries of 
the School are the Vanderbilt Clinic, in which the annual 
visits of patients number more than 155,000; and the 
Sloane Hospital for Women, in which there are nearly 
2000 obstetrical and many gynecological cases annually, 
and in which each student is obliged to attend patients 



I06 SOUTH BUILDING 

for a period of seven weeks during his fourth year. An 
increasing amount of post-graduate instruction is now 
being offered. 

Description. The present site of the college comprises 
the western part of the city block bounded on the south 
by West 59th Street, on the north by West 6oth Street, 
and on the west by Amsterdam (Tenth) Avenue. It was 
occupied in 1887, and now contains an irregular group 
of connected buildings of brick and terra cotta, most of 
which have already been outgrown. These may best be 
described as the South Building, the Middle Building, 
the North Building, the Institute of Anatomy, the 
Vanderbilt Clinic, and the Sloane Hospital. 

The South Building (erected 1886. The gift of Wil- 
liam H. Vanderbilt. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) 
is 141 ft. X 43 J^ ft. X 873^ ft. At the right of the main 
entrance on West 59th Street are the administrative 
offices and the faculty room. The latter contains portraits 
of several of the former professors, including Samuel 
Bard by John Vanderlyn, John Watts, John B. Beck by 
Augusta Dudley, Alexander H. Stevens, and John G. 
Curtis by W. T. Smedley. There are also busts of 
Professors Samuel L. Mit chill and David Hosack. At 
the left of the entrance are the Students' Reference 
Library, containing 1200 volumes, the periodical room, 
and the students' reading-room. In the latter are two 
memorial tablets, one to commemorate fourteen named 
students of the college who "died of pestilential disease 
while serving in the public hospitals of New York," and 
the other in memory of Drs. J. B. Gibbs, G. W. Lindheim, 
and H. A. Young, graduates of the college, who "died 



SOUTH BUILDING I07 

in the discharge of duty during the war with Spain, 1898- 
1 899. ' ' There are also portraits of two former presidents 
of the college, John A. Smith and Thomas Cock by Fred- 
erick W. Herring, and Joseph Moran, president of the 
Alumni Association, 1868, by William O. Stone. At the 
rear of the entrance hall is a bronze bust of William H. 
Vanderbilt by J. Q. A. Ward. A door at the left opens 
into a covered passage-way which leads to the Vanderbilt 
Clinic and the Sloane Hospital. The basement, which is 
common to the three buildings, contains the heating, 
ventilating, and lighting machinery, a cold-storage plant 
for the preservation of anatomical material, a room con- 
taining osteological preparations for the use of students, 
a machine shop, animal rooms, and store-rooms. On the 
first floor a double staircase at the rear of the entrance 
hall leads to the second story. 

On the second floor is a large and well-equipped physi- 
ological laboratory which is used for courses of instruction, 
a laboratory for surgical research, a general recitation 
room, and several private offices for professors. At its 
east end the corridor opens into the anatomical museum, 
the doorway forming the main entrance to the Institute 
of Anatomy. The corridors of the second and third 
floors open into the large amphitheatre of the Middle 
Building. The third floor is devoted to the department 
of physiology. It has an unusually good equipment 
for the investigation of the physical problems of physi- 
ology. There are five laboratories for research ; a library 
containing the John G. Curtis Collection of books, period- 
icals, and pamphlets, given by Dr. Curtis (of the Class 
of 1870), now maintained largely by the George G. 
Wheelock Fund, given by Dr. Wheelock (of the Class 



I08 MIDDLE BUILDING 

of 1864); the Swift Physiological Cabinet, endowed by 
James T. Swift, Esq., in memory of Foster Swift, M.D. 
(of the Class of 1857), and containing a very full collec- 
tion of apparatus of precision; several private rooms for 
the officers of the department ; two dark-rooms for optical 
or photographic work ; and an outfit for the manufacture 
and repair of apparatus. One room is equipped with 
elaborate electrical apparatus which is used for the in- 
vestigation of the electrical phenomena of living sub- 
stance. This room also constitutes a "heart station," 
being connected by wires with the Vanderbilt Clinic so 
that the string galvanometers of the department may be 
used for making electrocardiographic records from 
patients at the clinic. The fourth floor is occupied 
mainly by a large dissecting room which is lighted by 
skylights. In small glass cases along the walls are 
mounted fine preparations of the separate bones of the 
human body, the gift of Dr. Robert F. Weir (of the Class 
of 1859). At the west end, a room is set apart for 
operative surgery, where students are taught on the 
cadaver some of the fundamentals of surgical procedure. 
Opening off from the main room of this floor are rooms for 
the officers of the department', prosectors' rooms, and a 
macerating room. 

The Middle Building (erected 1886. The gift of 
WiUiam H. Vanderbilt. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) 
(56 ft. X 543/^ ft. X 763^ ft.) forms a structural link 
between the North and South Buildings. At its north 
and south ends are the main stairways, which are con- 
nected with the corridors of the North and South Build- 
ings. The Middle Building is devoted chiefly to the 



NORTH BUILDING IO9 

two large lecture rooms of the college, one occupying the 
first floor and the other, an amphitheater, on the second 
and third floors, having a seating capacity of 450. They 
are reached from the main stairways. In the amphi- 
theater are hung several paintings, a copy of Hamann's 
portrait of Vesalius, and portraits of former professors 
of the institution: namely, Edward Delafield, Willard 
Parker by Daniel Huntington, Alonzo Clark by Daniel 
Huntington, John C. Dalton, from whom the chief pro- 
fessorship of physiology is named, by Eastman Johnson, 
Henry B. Sands by Morgan Rhees, Thomas T. Sabine, 
J. W. McLane by Daniel Huntington, and T. Mitchell 
Prudden by Sargeant Kendall. Beneath the amphi- 
theater, on the second floor a corridor connects the two 
main stairways. Opening from this are the library of 
the department of biological chemistry and a small 
laboratory for work in physical chemistry. An easterly 
addition, reached from the northern end of this corridor, 
contains the laboratory for surgical research, which is 
maintained by an anonymous fund. It is used for in- 
struction, surgical research on animals, and the treatment 
of animals requiring surgical attention . It contains offices 
operating rooms, and, on the floor below, an animal 
hospital. The laboratory is under the care of a regular 
corps of surgeons and a trained nurse. The public may 
send here sick animals and they will be cared for with the 
same consideration for their comfort and the same sur- 
gical skill as are patients in hospitals for human beings. 

The North Building (Erected 1886. Architect: W. 
Wheeler Smith) 94 ft. x 433^ ft. x Sy}^ ft. faces West 
60th Street, but has here only a small private entrance. 



no NORTH BUILDING 

It is usually entered from the corridor of the second floor 
of the Middle Building. The first floor contains a labo- 
ratory for the instruction of undergraduate students in 
organic and physiological chemistry. Separate rooms 
are used respectively for the storage of chemicals, and 
for work with the ultramicroscope and the centrifuging 
of liquids. On the second floor four laboratories are 
employed for post-graduate instruction and research in 
biological chemistry. One of these is specially fitted for 
exact experimentation in metabolism. Store-rooms and 
a private ofhce adjoin these. The third floor contains 
two laboratories, of pharmacology and pharmacy respec- 
tively, a small chemical laboratory, a balance room, a 
store-room, and a mechanic's shop. In cases along the 
wall of the corridor is a museum collection of crude drugs. 
The fourth floor contains the laboratories of advanced 
clinical pathology, used for instruction and research, and 
the offices of the members of the staff of that department. 
These laboratories connect with the extensive laboratories 
of pathology which cover the fourth floor of the Vander- 
bilt Clinic, and are usually entered from that building. 
They include numerous private laboratories and operat- 
ing rooms, mainly for research, private offices, two animal 
rooms, a technician's room for the preparation of micro- 
scopic specimens, a laboratory for the investigation of 
pathological problems by physiological methods, and a 
room devoted to the growing of animal tissues outside 
the animal body. A portion of the collection of patho- 
logical specimens is stored here. A Library is maintained 
by the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons. 

The north stairway gives access on the fifth floor on 



INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY III 

the south to a laboratory for research in surgical patho- 
logy, which constitutes the uppermost floor of the Middle 
Building. At the west is a small laboratory used in the 
preparation of histological specimens. A door to the 
north opens directly into a large laboratory which is 
used for the instruction of students in histology, neuro- 
anatomy, and pathology. This room contains the greater 
portion of the collection of pathological specimens which 
constitute the pathological museum, many of which date 
from the earlier history of the college. They are used 
for teaching purposes. An amphitheater allows demon- 
strative lectures to be given to students. To the west, 
on the same floor, and occupying the fifth floor of the 
Vanderbilt Clinic, are the laboratories of bacteriology. 
These consist of one large laboratory which is used for 
investigation by the members of the staff and others, 
the office and private laboratory of the director of the 
department, and two rooms used, respectively, for the 
preparation of toxins and antitoxins, and for the prepara- 
tion of culture media and the sterilization of apparatus. 
The department contains an extensive collection of cul- 
tures of living bacteria, including particularly pathogenic 
and closely related non-pathogenic species. A large 
laboratory containing a small amphitheater is used 
jointly for instruction in bacteriology and clinical 
pathology. 

The Institute of Anatomy was erected in 1896, (883/^ 
ft. X 45 ft. X 8734 ft. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) with 
funds provided by the gift of Messrs. Cornelius, William 
K., Frederick W., and George W. Vanderbilt. The 
whole building is occupied by the department of anatomy. 



112 INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY 

It is continuous with and lies to the east of the South 
Building, but is entered only from the basement and 
the second and fourth floors of that building. The 
basement is used mainly for storage. There is a large 
tank-room in which are kept the wet preparations 
used to illustrate the lectures in anatomy, together with 
a part of the comparative collection of the department. 
This room is also used for the making of plaster casts 
and the manufacture of the wax-plates which are used 
in the Born method of preparing enlarged models of 
embryonic structures. In addition the basement con- 
tains a corrosion room and the large human reference 
osteological collection. On the first floor are study col- 
lections comprising classified series of anatomical pre- 
parations, both human and comparative, mounted 
skeletons, casts, and corrosions, which on account of 
their delicacy require protection from heat and light. 
A gallery contains the comparative osteological collection. 

The second floor, which communicates directly with 
the corridor of the South Building, is allotted to the ana- 
tomical museum. Here are exhibited series of selected 
preparations illustrative of the comparative anatomy and 
evolution of the heart, lungs, alimentary canal, and genito- 
urinary tract . The specimens are mounted with a view of 
securing to the student the freest possible access to the 
material consistent with its preservation, and are fur- 
nished with framed descriptions, labelled photographs, 
and explanatory notes. The tables, rotary stands, and 
accessories were provided by the gift of Mr. E. H. 
Harkness. 

On the third floor is the laboratory of morphology, 
used by the staff of the department, and open to properly 



VANDERBILT CLINIC 1 13 

qualified students for advanced work and investigation. 
It is admirably equipped with instruments and apparatus 
for the various technical procedures of anatomy and is 
well supplied with microscopes and projectoscopes for 
embryological and histological study. A small enclosure 
at the south end serves as the office of the director of 
the department, and contains his library, which is at the 
service of advanced workers. Here also are kept the 
Columbia collection of embryos, and a large series of 
lantern slides, largely illustrative of material in the pos- 
session of the department. The staff includes an artist 
who devotes his entire time to the work of illustration. 
The fourth floor forms an annex to the main dissecting 
room of the South Building and contains two small am- 
phitheaters used in demonstrations to sections of a class. 
There is also a small room assigned to the instructors 
in neuro-anatomy. 

The Vanderbilt Clinic (the gift of Messrs. Cornelius, 
William K., Frederick W., and George W. Vanderbilt. 
Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) occupies the plot on the 
southeast corner of West 6oth Street and Amsterdam 
Avenue, and, as originally constructed in 1886, consisted 
of three main stories, now known as the West Building 
(923^ ft. X 60 ft. X 73 ft.). This building was soon 
found insufficient, and in 1896 a larger structure of five 
stories, surmounted by a clock tower, now called the East 
Building (106 ft. x 60}^ ft. x 107 ft.) was added to it 
directly to the east. The two buildings form an organic 
whole, and may be described as one. On entering the 
building at the main entrance on Amsterdam Avenue, 
the visitor is admitted directly into a large waiting room 



114 VANDERBILT CLINIC 

in which the patients are classified and distributed. A 
corridor passes to a second waiting room on the east. 
The first room on the right of the entrance forms a large 
and commodious apothecary's department, "rom which 
are dispensed the drugs that are used by the patients. 
Farther along on the right are the offices of the receiving 
clerks, where are stored approximately 100,000 classified 
cards giving the histories and records of patients. Beyond 
these offices are the rooms used by the orthopoedic de- 
partment. To the left of the entrance are a series of 
rooms devoted to surgery and general medicine. There 
is an elaborately equipped operating room, and all ap- 
pliances for operations on ambulant patients, and a 
battery of Cooper-Hewitt lamps furnishes illumination 
for instantaneous photographs of patients. There are 
also electric ovens for the treatment of rheumatic joints. 
Special rooms are devoted to the instruction of students, 
to diseases of children, to the use of visiting nurses, and 
to the social-service work of the clinic. The work of the 
clinic is greatly aided by an association of women, called 
the Vanderbilt Clinic Auxiliary, which maintains a 
trained social-service worker and a corps of nurses for 
the purpose of visiting the patients in their homes and 
offering advice and assistance in the continuation of their 
treatment. The door to the right leads into a covered 
passage-way which extends to the Sloane Hospital and 
the South Building of the college. 

In the second story of this passage-way, there are 
rooms for the library, the offices, and the laboratory of 
the professor of the practice of medicine, besides a well 
equipped laboratory used by the department of clinical 
pathology, and in which twenty students can make the 



VANDERBILT CLINIC II5 

routine chemical and microscopic examinations necessary 
in the study of disease. 

In the basement of the CHnic, a room is devoted to 
a very complete hydr other apeutic apparatus, with all 
facilities for giving the various baths that are used in 
this method of treatment. Another room contains a 
variety of mechanical appliances used in mechanother- 
apy; this form of treatment is very useful in breaking 
up adhesions and rendering flexible stiff joints that have 
been in plaster casts or are rheumatic. A large number 
of patients exercise here every morning. In other rooms 
a milk station is maintained by the Department of 
Health of the City. Milk may be obtained here for the 
use of the patients of the Clinic, and for cases outside 
the Clinic in co-operation with the Charity Organization 
Society. 

The second and third floors contain two central waiting 
rooms and an amphitheater capable of seating 400 
students, with entrances on both floors. Around these 
central rooms are smaller rooms for special work. On 
the second floor two rooms are devoted to instruction in 
gynecology, and five rooms to instruction in diseases of 
the nose and throat. The latter department has an un- 
usual equipment, the gift of Professor George M. Lefferts, 
(of the Class of 1870), and called the Lefferts Museum. 
A bronze tablet on the wall memorializes the gift, 
which consists of many engravings and photographs of 
the masters of laryngology, a beautiful series of lecture 
charts, numerous plaster casts and models illustrating 
diseases of the larynx, and a very complete collection of 
laryngological instruments. Three rooms are devoted 
to the treatment of nervous diseases, a well equipped 



Il6 SLOANE HOSPITAL 

laboratory for the scientific investigation of nervous dis- 
eases by means of elaborate registering apparatus, and 
three large rooms for the department of ophthalmol- 
ogy, including a dark-room where an entire class of 
students can examine a series of patients with the aid of 
ophthalmoscopes. Of the special rooms on the third 
floor, three are devoted to gynecology and three to the 
diseases of the skin, while another room is elaborately 
equipped as a laboratory for the study of the pathology 
of lesions of the skin. Two rooms are used by nurses 
for the preparation of bandages. Three rooms are de- 
voted to the diseases of the ear, three to genito-urinary 
diseases, one to dental work, and two to class instruction. 
The fourth and fifth floors of the building are reserved 
for the laboratories of the departments of pathology, 
bacteriology, and clinical pathology, and are de- 
scribed in the account of the North Building. The 
roof of the Clinic is equipped as an outdoor camp, for 
the treatment of patients suffering from tuberculosis. 
It has a capacity of one hundred patients, a kitchen and a 
dining room, which may also be used as a solarium. A 
public school for tuberculous children is here conducted, 
under the auspices of the Board of Education of the city. 
The work of the camp is greatly aided by the Clinic 
Auxiliary. 

The Sloane Maternity Hospital, the immediate pre- 
decessor of the Sloane Hospital for Women (145 ft. X98 
ft. X 87 ft. Erected 1886-1911. The gift of Mr. and 
Mrs. WilHam D. Sloane. Architect : W. Wheeler Smith) , 
was inaugurated in 1887, and was at that time the most 
complete obstetrical hospital anywhere existing. It 



SLOANE HOSPITAL II7 

contained twenty-eight beds for patients, besides accom- 
modations for the medical staff, nurses, and servants. 
The service increased rapidly and in 1897 a six-story ad- 
dition was erected, providing seventy- two additional 
beds for patients. In 191 o a building was erected for 
gynecological purposes, and the name of the hospital 
was changed to the Sloane Hospital for Women. In 191 1 
three stories were added to accommodate the nurses. 
The building is situated on the northeast comer of 59th 
Street and Amsterdam Avenue and, as it stands to-day 
(1912), is seven stories in height and surrounds a small 
court. Its southern portion is used for the obstetrical 
service, and its northern portion for the gynecological. 
It contains 173 beds for adults and 100 cribs for infants. 
Besides being a charitable and private hospital, it fur- 
nishes practical instruction in obstetrics and gynecology 
to the students of the College, to nurses, and to doctors 
of medicine. Each student of the College during his 
fourth year spends three weeks in the obstetrical division, 
and four weeks in the gynecological division, residing in 
the hospital a part of the time. Undergraduate nurses 
may receive instruction for a period of three months. 
The hospital provides a four-months 'post -graduate course 
for nurses, and moreover offers opportunities for medical 
graduates to become obstetricians and gynecologists. 

The main entrance is on West 59th Street. In the en- 
trance hall a bronze tablet has been erected by the 
Trustees of the University, "in recognition of the wise 
liberality of William Douglas Sloane and Emily Thorn 
Vanderbilt Sloane." At the right is an obstetrical 
operating amphitheater which will accommodate one 
hundred students, with various accessory rooms. Along 



Il8 SLOANE HOSPITAL 

the main corridor are the offices of administration, re- 
ception and examining rooms, a record room containing 
the histories of the 28,000 obstetrical cases of the hospital, 
a staff room where hangs a portrait of William D . Sloane 
by Eastman Johnson, quarters for the resident physicians 
and students, the superintendent's office, and the labora- 
tory. This floor is connected by a covered passage-way 
with the Vanderbilt Clinic and the South Building of the 
College. In the basement are the reception rooms and 
lockers for the ward patients, the drug-room, the laundry 
store-rooms, the servants' dining-room, and the heating 
and ventilating plants. On the second floor are obstet- 
rical wards, private obstetrical and gynecological rooms, 
a private operating room, and nurseries. There is an 
office for a social worker, who finds places in which needy 
women may stay before they enter the hospital, and ob- 
tains remunerative situations for them afterwards. The 
third and fourth floors are divided between obstetrical 
wards and nurseries, dormitories to be used by women 
before entering the wards, a ward dining-room, and pri- 
vate rooms for both obstetrical and gynecological cases. 
Separate quarters are reserved for septic and other special 
cases. On the fifth floor are private gynecological rooms 
and living accommodations for nurses; and on the sixth 
floor the four wards of the gynecological division, accom- 
modations for nurses, the main kitchen, and dining-rooms. 
The seventh floor is devoted partly to servants' quarters 
and partly to the gynecological service, with an operating 
amphitheater and etherizing, preparation, sterilizing, 
recovery, and dressing-rooms. A room is set apart for 
the treatment of special conditions. It contains the 
most recent model of a fulgurating machine for obtaining 



SLOANE HOSPITAL II9 

an electrical current of high frequency, which is used for 
relieving pain and in the treatment of certain inoperable 
cases. The greater portion of the building is covered 
with a flat roof which is arranged as a roof garden and 
solarium and is divided into sections for private patients, 
ward patients, and nurses respectively. Over the northern 
portion of the building an eighth floor contains the super- 
intendent's quarters, above which is a roof garden for 
the members of the medical staff. 



COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 
(No. 115 West 68th Street) 

Historical Note. The number of pharmacists prac- 
ticing in New York City at the beginning of the last 
century was small and among them very few had received 
any special training for their work, nor did the city at 
that time afford any means of obtaining such training. 
In order to supply this imperative need, several of the 
leading pharmacists, among whom were John D. Keese, 
Henry H. Schieffelin, and Constantine Adamson, took 
the first steps in March, 1829, for the founding of a 
College of Pharmacy. In 1831, a charter was obtained 
and the Rev. Henry H. Schieffelin was elected president ; 
Dr. John Torrey and Dr. Stephen Brown having pre- 
viously been appointed to the professorships of pharmacy 
and materia medica respectively. In the following year 
courses of lectures in chemistry were also given, and 
somewhat later courses in practical botany. During its 
first twenty-five years, the number of students was small, 
but shortly after the renewal of the charter of the College, 
in 1856, three men became connected with it. Dr. E. R. 
Squibb, Dr. Charles Rice, and Professor Charles F. 
Chandler, to whose effort and devotion its subsequent 
success is largely due. In 1 871, the Alumni Association 
was formed, and in 1873 the property No. 209-211 East 
^ 120 




COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 



COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 121 

23d Street was purchased. In the latter year, thirty- 
three students were graduated; in 1879 the number had 
increased to sixty-five, and in 1889 to one hundred and 
six. In 1894, the College removed to its present site and 
ten years later it became affiliated with Columbia Univer- 
sity. Courses are now given leading to the degrees of 
pharmaceutical chemist and doctor of pharmacy. 

In addition to giving instruction, the College has been 
active in its efforts to secure needed reforms, such as 
the establishment and revision of an authoritative phar- 
macopoeia, a statutory requirement for the qualification 
of pharmacists, and the enactment of a pure-food law. 

Description. The present building, situated on the 
northerly side of 68th Street, between Broadway and 
Columbus Avenue, was erected in 1894, and is 75 ft. x 
100 ft. in size. It is built of light gray stone, buff brick, 
and terra cotta, in the Italian Renaissance style, six 
stories in height, of fire-proof construction. 

The first floor, a few steps above the street level, con- 
tains the office of the College, the Library, a large col- 
lection of books on pharmacy and the allied sciences; 
the Canby herbarium, the dispensing laboratory, and the 
Trustees' Room. The second and third floors are de- 
voted to the lecture room, seating five hundred students, 
and accommodation for the preparation for lectures, with 
special rooms for quizzes. On the fourth floor are located 
the departments of botany and materia medica ; also the 
museum of materia medica, the microscopical laboratory 
with provision for one hundred students working at 
microscopes at one time; also special rooms for the ac- 
commodation of the professor of the department and 
his assistants. 



122 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 

On the fifth floor is the pharmaceutical laboratory, 
which will accommodate four hundred and fifty students, 
one hundred and fifty working simultaneously, each 
student having his own individual closet and drawer for 
apparatus. The floors are of asphalt, perfectly water- 
tight, and the drainage has been designed with special 
reference to pharmaceutical manipulations, on a practical 
scale. 

On the sixth floor is located the chemical laboratory, 
with accommodations for a like number of students. 
Also the stock room for supplies, a scale room, and offices 
for the director and his assistants. The building as a 
whole will accommodate one thousand students. 



CAMP COLUMBIA 

Camp Columbia, the headquarters of the Summer 
School of Surveying, is situated in the town of Morris, 
Litchfield County, Connecticut, and is reached from New 
York by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- 
road. [Ticket to Bantam on the Litchfield Branch, 
ninety-nine miles; drive three miles along the shore of 
Lake Bantam to the Camp.] 

The Camp, which is situated on the crest of the hill 
about one half mile south of the Lake, consists of about 
four hundred and eighty (480) acres of land, and fourteen 
buildings. These include three dormitories with rooms 
for 181 men, a dining-hall, kitchen, ice-house, pump- 
house, water-tower and tank, bath-house, administration 
building, Y. M. C. A. building, instrument-house, ob- 
servatory, and storehouse. Other buildings are used 
in connection with the farm operations conducted on 
the property. 

The field practice in surveying for students in the 
Schools of Mines, Engineering, and Chemistry has been 
conducted in the vicinity of Bantam Lake since 1883, 
and the topography, cHmate, and local surroundings 
have proved so satisfactory and so admirably adapted 
in every way to the requirements of a Summer School of 
Surveying, and the wisdom of concentrating the in- 

123 



124 CAMP COLUMBIA 

struction in the practice of surveying into the summer 
months has been so clearly demonstrated by the experi- 
ence of twenty years, that the Trustees of the University 
have purchased additional adjoining farms and estab- 
lished a permanent Camp. In 1908, the Summer School 
of Geodesy was transferred from Osterville, on Cape Cod, 
to Camp Columbia, and since that time the instruction 
given by the Departments of Astronomy and Civil 
Engineering in Geodesy and Surveying has been so 
co-ordinated that a combined hydrographic and geodetic 
survey of Bantam Lake is made by each succeeding 
third-year class of Civil Engineers. 

No better location for a surveying school could be 
found. The topography is rough and varied. The 
ground about the Camp is from 900 to 1200 feet above 
the sea. The atmosphere is clear and dry. The days 
during July and August are moderately warm but never 
sultry, and the nights are always cool. Mount Tom 
(1325 feet high) is less than three miles away and in clear 
view; Mount Prospect (1365 feet high) is five miles 
north; Bantam Lake, one half mile north of the Camp, 
is nearly three miles long and from one half to two 
thirds of a mile wide, and twenty-five feet deep. Its 
surface elevation is 896 feet above the sea. Litchfield, 
a beautiful village and well-known summer resort, is the 
nearest town of any considerable size. Washington 
is about six miles west; Watertown eight miles, and 
Waterbury fourteen miles southeast. 

Camp Columbia is open for surveying practice from 
about June ist to September 15th each year. Ap- 
proximately 300 students attend for a period of five 
or six weeks; the maximum attendance at any part 



CAMP COLUMBIA 125 

of the session is about 180 students. Instruction is 
given in all branches of plane surveying including farm 
surveiHing, city surveying, mine surveying, topographic 
surveying, hydrographic surveying, and railroad survey- 
ing, as well as in geodesy and practical astronomy. 



DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS OF ADMINIS- 
TRATION 

Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., 
J.U.D., LL.D. (Cantab.), D.Litt. 
(Oxon.), President of the Uni- 
versity 213 Library 

Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, Ph.D., 
LL.D. Dean of the Faculties of 
PoHtical Science, Philosophy, 
Pure Science, and Fine Arts . . . 305 East Hall 

Frederick Paul Keppel, Litt.D. 

Dean of Columbia College 208 Hamilton Hal 

Frederick Arthur Goetze, M.Sc. 

Dean of the Faculty of Applied | 405 Engineering 
Science, and Consulting Engineer ) Bldg 

Harlan F. Stone, A.M., LL.B, 

Dean of the Faculty of Law .... 404 Kent Hall 

Samuel W. Lambert, M.D. 

Dean of the Faculty of Medicine 
(College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons) 437 West 59th St. 

William H. Carpenter, Ph.D. 

Provost of the University 305 East Hall. 

126 



DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS 1 27 

Virginia C. Gildersleeve, Ph.D. 
Dean of Barnard College and 
Adviser of Women Graduate 
Students Barnard College 

William T. Brewster, A.M. 

Provost of Barnard College .... Barnard College 

James Earl Russell, Ph.D., LL.D. 

Dean of Teachers College Teachers College 

Henry H. Rusby, M.D. 

Dean of the College of Pharmacy, 115 West 68th St. 

James C. Egbert, Ph.D. 

Director of the Summer Session ) 306 Philosophy 
and of Extension Teaching j Bldg. 

Talcott Williams, L.H.D. 

Director of the School of Jour- 
nalism University Hall 

John W. Cunliffe, D.Litt. 

Associate Director of the School 

of Journalism University Hall 

Frank Diehl Fackenthal, A.B. 

Secretary of the University . ... 213 Library 

William Dawson Johnston, A.M., 
LL.D., Librarian of the Uni- 
versity 201 Library 

Rev. Raymond C. Knox, B.D. 

Cnaplain of the University Earl Hall 

D. Stuart Dodge Jessup, M.D. 

University Medical Visitor. ... 601 West 113th St. 

William A. Hervey, A.M. 

Registrar of the University .... East Hall 



128 DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS 

Charles S. Danielson, 

Bursar of the University East Hall 

Edward K. Hayt, A.M. 

Assistant Registrar and Assist- 
ant Bursar at the College of 

Physicians and Surgeons 437 West 59th St. 

Adam Leroy Jones, Ph.D. 

Chairman of the Committee on 

Undergraduate Admissions. ... 310 East Hall 
Clifford B. Upton, A.M. 

Secretary of Teachers College . . Teachers College 
Malcolm M. Roy, A.B. 

Secretary of the Committee on 

Employment for Students 301 East Hall 

George Brokaw Compton, A.B. 

Secretary of the Alumni Council, 3 1 1 East Hall 
IsABELLE L. Pratt, 

Secretary of the Committee on 

Appointments (Department of 

Education) Teachers College 

James A. Myers, A.B. 

Secretary of Earl Hall Earl Hall 

Henry Lee Norris, M.E. 

Superintendent of Buildings and 

Grounds 1 10 Library 



DIRECTORY OF FRATERNITIES 

Alpha Chi Rho, 633 West 115 St. Founded 1895. 
Phi Omega Chapter established 1900. Tel. 1826- J 
Morning. 

Alpha Delta Phi, 614 West 113 St. Founded 1832. 
Columbia Chapter established 1836. Re-established 
1881. Tel. 5714 Morning. 

Alpha Sigma Phi, 359 West 117 St. Founded 1845. 
Lambda Chapter established 1910. 

Beta Theta Pi, 429 West 117 St. Founded 1839. 
Alpha Alpha Chapter established 1881. Tel. 5599 
Morning. 

Delta Kappa Epsilon, 608 West 113 St. Founded 
1844. Gamma Beta Chapter established 1874. Tel. 
1 166 Morning. 

Delta Tau Delta, 616 West 1 13 St. Founded 1859. 
Gamma Epsilon Chapter established 1882. Re-estab- 
lished 1902. Tel. 5756 Morning. 

Delta Upsilon, 558 West 113 St. Founded 1834. 
Columbia Chapter established 1885. Tel. 3424 Morning. 

Delta Phi, 612 West 116 St. Founded 1832. Delta 
Chapter established 1842. Tel. 4842 Morning. 

Delta Psi, Riverside Drive and 1 16 St. Founded 1847. 
Alpha Chapter established 1847. Tel. 2352 Morning. 

Pi Lambda Phi, Founded 1895. Columbia Chapter 
established 1896. Re-established 191 o. 

Phi Gamma Delta, 604 West 1 14 St. Founded 1848. 
Omega Chapter established 1866. Tel. 264 Morning. 
9 129 



I30 DIRECTORY OF FRATERNITIES 

Phi Delta Theta, 565 West 113 St. Founded 1848. 
New York Delta Chapter established 1884. Tel. 6401 
Morning. 

Phi Epsilon Pi, 421 West 121 St. Founded 1888. 
Beta Beta Chapter established 1905. Tel. 6769 Morning. 

Phi Kappa Sigma, 536 West 114 St. Founded 1850. 
Iota Chapter established 1855. Tel. 6772 Morning. 

Phi Kappa Psi, 627 West 113 St. Founded 1852. 
New York Gamma Chapter established 1872. Tel. 7232 
Morning. 

Phi Sigma Kappa, 550 West 114 St. Founded 1873. 
Theta Chapter established 1897. Tel. 550 Morning. 

Psi Upsilon, 627 West 115 St. Founded 1833. 
Lambda Chapter established 1842. Tel. 729 Morning. 

Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 531 West 113 St. Founded 
1856. New York Mu Chapter estabhshed 1895. Tel. 
8133 Morning. 

Sigma Nu, 540 West 113 St. Founded 1869. Delta 
Gamma Chapter established 1888. Re-established 1908. 
Tel. 7304 Morning. 

Sigma Chi, 523 West 113 St. Founded 1855. Nu Nu 
Chapter estabhshed 1894. Tel. 2806 Morning. 

Theta Delta Chi, 619 West 113 St. Founded 1848. 
Rho Deuteron Chapter estabhshed 1883. Tel. 261 1 
Morning. 

Theta Xi, 618 West 1 13 St. Founded 1864. Epsilon 
Chapter established 1898. Tel. 3197 Morning. 

Zeta Beta Tau, 403 West 119 St. Founded 1898. 
Columbia Chapter established 1903. 

Zeta Psi, 431 West 117 St. Founded 1846. Alpha 
Chapter estabhshed 1878. Tel. 1543 Morning. 



i'^'ii--|iigll 







Iflfl 



^Q 



uwmmu 



Ift^ Mil 



ffTHDaDanDDDDDDQs^ 



B 



□DDQDQ 




QDDDO 













I 


5 
9 







DnnBDDD 




o 

O :£ 

O 



in in ! 

^„ , 

a B o ; I- 
1 1 ^ ' t; ^ 

is - b! § 
6g § 5Sf' 



:mont 








^NK C 








^OADW 






CLAREMONT AVENUE 



MILBANK QUADRANGLE 




BROADWAY 













1^ 


a 








g&l 










:^ 










^T 














-0) 






^ — 


"-\ 










//^ 


\\ ■ 


^2^ 








/ 


Y 


\ 


s 














c 








•t^ 




^ 




















!? 








\o 




3) 




B 




^ 




n 












H 




V 


J 


/ 
1 








^ ' 


— ^1 1 


^T^ 








1 ■ 










!,D 


^f=,^ 








i 


H- 








jO; 






ILiyiNGSTO^ 1 


^HARTLEY*— 


i 










HOfi'V:!-: MANN 


^i 




D 





AMSTERDAM AVENUE 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

029 929 183 2 



Hoi! 



A' I 



\ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 929 183 2 



